Anheuser-Busch Inbev Analysis

Contents 1. Introduction2 2. Advantages of investing in China2 2. 1 Abundant human and energy resources2 2. 2 Development in relevant infrastructure and openness to international trade3 3. Disadvantages of investing in China3 3. 1 Low income of people3 3. 2 technology and unequal investment3 4. Benefits for FDI in China4 4. 1 Economy is affected in many ways4 4. 2 trade expansion4 5. Evidence of the negative effect for FDI in China4 5. 1 FDI threaten local enterprises and capital transfer4 5. 2 Unbalanced investing5 5. 3 Environmental problems5 6. Suggestion5 7. Conclusion6 8.Bibliography7 The impact of foreign direct investment in China Introduction Foreign direct investment (hereafter referred to as FDI) has created significant impacts in China after the Opening-Reform in the late 1970s, China has been successful in attracting FDI, which has been played an crucial role in the economic development of China. China has now become the second largest foreign direct investment (FDI) bene ficiary country in the world following the US. Annual FDI inflow was below $US100 in 1979, but exceeded $US580 billion in 2006, with an annual growth rate of close to 30%. Fung et al. 2004). This trend is expected to continue in the foreseeable future, especially given the country’s entry into the WTO. Many advantages can be identified in FDI, including boost employment rate, calculate capitals and increase domestic competitive. On the other hand, there are also some drawbacks of FDI in China. This essay will start with a display of the advantages and disadvantages of investing in China, then describe benefits and drawbacks brought by FDI and finally provide several correspondence suggestions.Advantages of investing in China 2. 1 Abundant human and energy resources China has a large population of approximately 1. 3 billion indicating a huge consumption power and market. The purchasing power of Chinese people is increasing dramatically in the last decade, which means China cou ld attract more and more FDI in the future. (Tarun, 2012). Furthermore, China has resource availability and low cost of labor force, which means investors can easily employ enough workers with a relatively low cost. The country is also rich in energy resources.Foreign corporations could obtain a variety of resources when investing in China. China is the largest producer of coal in the world is an appropriate example for this. (Zhang, 2002 see in Tarun, 2012). Therefore, China is an excellent destination for investment. (Callaghan & Cassidy, 2003 see in Tarun, 2012). 2. 2 Development in relevant infrastructure and openness to international trade China has been striving to improve related infrastructure, which contributes to attract FDI. For example, highways, railways and interior transport waterways have adjusted according to the host province.It is always true that the availability of physical infrastructure significantly influences the decision of investment particularly in a fore ign land. Moreover, China has implemented economic reforms and Open Door policies. Meanwhile, China has put efforts in promoting trade by adopting several bilateral and unilateral trade arrangements and actions such as reducing tariff barriers. (Tarun, 2012). Disadvantages of investing in China 3. 1 Low income of people There are some disadvantages for investing in China. Firstly, the income of people is relatively low in China.The production capacity is growing but the low per capital income may lead to periodically saturation, which makes it difficult for foreign companies to develop. (Tarun, 2012). . 3. 2 technology and unequal investment In terms of technology disparity and lack of labor qualification in some certain areas may also need to improve. Furthermore, unequal investments in different sectors are another key disadvantage in China. For example, there is saturation in traditional sectors but not many investments in chemical and automobile sectors.There are still some barr iers in the areas of administrative enforcement and non-tariff measures. Even some changes are taking place, many tasks needed to be accomplished to construct the legal system which benefits market economy. The existing legal basis, legislation procedure and operating mechanism are not fully suitable with the requirements of market economy (Rongala, 2007 see in Tarun, 2012). Benefits for FDI in China 4. 1 Economy is affected in many ways The benefits brought by FDI to China are apparent. Economy is influenced by FDI in a number of ways.FDI involves transfer knowledge in the host country, which will create an increase on the existing stock of knowledge through labor training, the transfer of skills, and the transferring of new managerial and organizational experience. Also, it can help local corporations to access to advanced technology by capital accumulation in host countries (Mello, 1999 and Mello, 1997). Furthermore, FDI may allow China to develop in technology and knowledge whic h are not readily available locally, as a consequent increase productivity growth through the economy (Jose, 2003). . 2 trade expansion China’s expansion in trade is accompanied by the increase of FDI and growing trade by foreign invested enterprises. (Fung, 2002) Contribution of FDI has increased dramatically since the early 1980s, especially in the 1990s. During 1980 and 1985, trade by FDI constituted less than 0. 6% of total export and 2. 1% of total import. The shares went up to 7. 3% and 12. 8% respectively in the second half of 1980s. In the 1990s, trade by FDI accelerated and their share in China’s total trade increased to 44% and 53% for the years 1996 and 2000.The rise in FDI share in total trade indicates the growing contribution of FDI in the growth of China’s trade. (Fung, 2002). Evidence of the negative effect for FDI in China 5. 1 FDI threaten local enterprises and capital transfer The local firms may lose markets due to low productivity or less ad vanced technology because the real significant assessment of FDI may be organized on a high indispensable status for the long term national satisfaction, which involves multinational corporations (MNCs). As a result, massive amounts of people will be unemployed, which may lead to social instability. Sarumi and Adewumi 2006) Also if proper regulation does not exist in the host country, FDI can serve as a source of capital flight from the developing countries to the developed ones. For instance, due to some specific risks in the host country (economic and political risks), there could be large flow of capital transfer from the host country to the home country if there is no legislation against such practice. This may create an adverse effect on the host economy especially if such capital is sourced for within the host country. 5. 2 Unbalanced investingThe disparity of the poor and the wealth is increasing result from FDI tend to invest in coastal areas, which causes an unbalanced deve lop in economy between western areas and coastal regions. 5. 3 Environmental problems Result from MNCs’ higher production capacity, FDI could lead to a number of environmental problems which sometimes is not well taken care of or neglected especially in the mining sector by local government (Bora 2002 see in Sarumi and Adewumi 2006). Suggestion Given the negative side of FDI in China, government should take actions to address the problems.Firstly, local enterprises could be protected by a heavy tax on purchasing products of foreign companies. Moreover, government should assist local firms through funding. Secondly, it is advisable to implement the strategy of encouraging FDI through the development of regional central cities in the west. Also, Special and preferential policies for the specific projects should be provided by the government in the west that conforms with the industrial development in the area. Some particular regions should possess the flexibility of making pol icies in accordance with the local situation.It is important to notice that narrowing the economy gap can attract more FDI as well. Finally, appropriate law and regulations should be made or strengthened to constrain the capital transfer from host country to home nation and protect the environment. Conclusion China has made a great improvement in its reforms to open up its market for foreign direct investment. This assay describes the advantages and disadvantages of FDI in China, then analysis several benefits and negative impacts brought by FDI. Some suggestions also are provided.Foreign direct investment is still concentrated in the southeast and the coastal areas, which should be addressed by making policies and loosing regulations in western countries. However, there are some limitations in the project, for example, the increasing number of FDI cause the productivity and technology spillover is not covered, which will be researched in the future. Bibliography FUNG, K. C. , HITOM I, I. , and SARAH, T. , ed. , 2002. conference on ? China’? s Economy in the 21st Century? to be held on June 24-25, 2002, Hong Kong: Foreign Direct Investment in China: Policy, Trend and Impact.GALINA, H. , and CHERYL, L. , 2011. Are there productivity spillovers from Foreign direct investment? Pacific Economic Review, 16(2), 135-153 HAIYING, W. , 2004. economic research center discussion paper: A Comprehensive Evaluation of and Policy Recommendation to Foreign Direct Investment Environments in Western China. Nagoya University. KELLY, L. , 2011. Foreign Direct Investment in China Manufacturing Industry –Transformation from a Low Tech to High Tech Manufacturing. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(7), 15-27. SARUMI, A. , 2006.The Impact of FDI on Growth in Developing Countries: An African Experience. Master thesis, J. NK. PING University. SIZHONG, S. , (2011). Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers in China’s Manufacturing Sector. Th e Chinese Economy, 44(2), 25-42. TARUN, K. B. , (2012) Advantages and Disadvantages of FDI in China and India, international Business Research, 5(5), 164-174. USMAN, M. , MIR, H. , and AAMIR, M. , 2011. Does Market Size Affect Foreign Direct Investment? A Case of China. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(7), 1026-1033.

The Real Mary King’s Close: Principles of Human Resources

The Real Mary King's Close Is 5* visitor attraction in Edinburgh and It is located In the heard of Edinburgh Old Town. The tours are running underground, beneath buildings of Royal Mile. There is an alley of the streets and spaces right there. The close was very busy and most vibrant street in asses. 2) Planning the staff team Staff planning Is concerned with optimizing the use of the organization's human resources, now and in the future. To predict workload in the ARMS, it should be considered the number of visitors from previous years.The ARMS was planning initially 60,000 visitors per year. Since that time the visitor number has increased to 190,000 visitors per year due to new marketing campaigns and promotion of the visitor attraction itself. When planning the staff team the following should be considered: a) Manpower requirements The entertainment Is an essential component of tours provided In the ARMS. Most of the tour guides working for this visitor attraction are actors. The y can easily identify with characters of person presented while on the tour.The members of staff working in the ARMS are: Manager under Manager Marketing Manager Supervisor Tour Guides Retail Staff Cleaners Many roles are carried out at head office of the Continuum Group. B) Budget availability Whatever the objectives of the visitor attraction, its main financial management framework will be its budget. When planning the staff team, the type of contract and number of employees hired has to be within the allocated budget for the payroll. The current allocated budget for payroll within ARMS is over IEEE,OHO per year. This may Increase due to the Increase in visitor number to the attraction and the demand. Mime basis in the ARMS. The rest are employed part-time or on zero hours contracts due to the economic recession and to cut costs. ARMS increases temporary and part- time contracts for a high season in the summer and during the Edinburgh Fringe Festival (August-September). C) Essenti al skills and qualifications, experience required To gain a Job in visitor attraction is essential to have experience in customer facing environment and excellent verbal communication skills in English. To have a degree is desirable but it depends on the position applied.A manager does need some degree whereas the tour guide should have at least interest or understanding of Edinburgh history. The other skills required for the Job in the ARMS are: Positive Attitude Good interpersonal skills Ability to work within a team Ability to use own initiative Ability to work under pressure Able to remember and recall facts Foreign language skills but it is only the advantage ) Use of person specification criteria and Job description in the recruiting process The personnel specification is a description of the human characteristics required by the Job holder and is derived from the demands of the Job description.Many organizations use a framework to prepare personnel specifications and two wide ly used are Aleck Rodgers 7 point plan and John Munroe Framer's 5 fold framework. 3) The function of a Job description Once the Job has been designed a Job description can be produced. This is essential, not only as part of the recruitment process but also to help with training, reward systems and staff appraisals. The Job description provides the employee with a clear outline of their duties, responsibilities and most important contributions needed from a position.The example of Job description for a tour guide is attached in an Appendix 1. 4) The function of a person specification The person specification focuses on the type of person who might be the ideal Job holder. It may include the personal attributes and qualities, training and skills, experience in similar post would be also beneficial. The requirements for person specifications are likely listed in order to their priority and classified as ‘essential' or ‘desirable' for the specific Job. The example of personn el specification is attached in an Appendix 2.The Continuum Group is unique in operating a group of cultural attractions commercially. Their main objective is to maintain the high quality of their customer service to achieve a growth of visitor number and to make a profit for them and their partners. Continuum Group owns and operates a number of leading visitor attractions in the UK and welcomes about 1 million visitors per year. (Scion, 2014) The ARMS is one of the tourist attractions that belong to the Continuum Group. The ARMS is an award-winning heritage attraction which provides underground tours to ore than 150,000 visitors a year.In the ARMS, the manager duties include leading and developing team of staff who influences every aspect of the customer experience to bring the stories of the hidden street to life, helping ensure that this truly special place continues to run smoothly and focus on managing all the on-site visitor attraction activities. (Guardian News, 2014) The tou r guides working in ARMS are talented actors and interpreters. They have to be knowledgeable of the site attraction, to provide customer service in a high level of standard, be able to interpret he customers, and be working under the Health & Safety conditions while on the tour. ) The Individual's Contribution Individual's roles As mentioned above, the management approach adopted at the visitor attraction is really important. The approach taken will influence the staff attitudes and Job satisfaction, and therefore will have a direct impact on the visitor experience at the attraction. Successful attractions tend to be those which are effectively managed. It is significant that the attraction has experienced professional managers across all aspects of the operation.Attractions without such management are often weak in nee or more areas, including marketing, financial control, management of people and strategic planning (Swarthmore, 2002). The role of guiding is an important part of AR MS. Tour guides are employed to lead a group of visitors and provide them with an informative, entertaining and historic insight into a specific tour. The guides' performance influences the visitor experience and their demand on the attraction. Individual employees can play a very important role in helping a business achieve teamwork and operations success.The business needs to realism that any person who works for the organization has their own motives and needs and that the individual will fulfill the business needs if it also meets their individual needs. Teamwork There are several advantages of teamwork within an organization. Some of them are listed below: Reduction of risk of failure while working in a team, the burden is not falling on an individual's shoulder Division of work – each person, who works in a team, execute any task of assigned work with the best possible aptitude. The division of work also assure the work is done on time. Team. The individual put the maxi mum efficiency on the work they are the best in or have knowledge and skills to do it. Team building Very often organizations use team building activities or events to build motivation and support at the workplace, improve communication, increase morale, improve productivity or Just break the ice to help get to know each other better within a team. In the ARMS, the management team uses social functions and occasions as a source of team building for employees – Halloween party or Christmas night out.Retaining staff loyalty It is important to retain staff loyalty within organization. It helps to motivate employees to work for the benefit of the team and the business itself. It also helps to educe recruitment costs and training which has to be provided to new staff. Some of the methods include investing into the employees: To give the opportunity to employees to enhance their professional skills by training and development To help them improve their skills and allow them to rota te between different roles within the workplace to avoid stereotype forcing them to leave the organization. Entrepreneur, 2014) 7) The Recruitment and selection process Many personnel practitioners of organization spend a great deal of their time engaged in the activities associated with the recruitment and selection of staff. The response practitioner has to be knowledgeable about the wider issues involving recruitment and selection decisions, such as legislation and good practice, and the range of recruitment sources and selection methods, as well as being skilled in interviewing and assessing potential employees.Examples of poor practice in recruitment and selection decisions which result in unnecessary costs to the organization are: Making mistakes – failure in redesigning by making changes in new vacancy 0 will have cost implications because the Job has not been designed to suit current needs and possibility of potential savings has been ignored. Recruiting the wrong per son may result in their leaving or being dismissed in the short term or requiring more training than was assuming in the long term.A hurried attempt to meet an advertising deadline in local paper 0 it may result in incorrect copy which misleads potential applicants or discourage them from applying. (Malcolm,2005) The steps from recruitment, selection to final induction are listed below: Produce Application Packs Design the Job descriptions Design the personnel specifications Assist in short-listing Arrange the interviews/tests Correspond with candidates Check their references Maintain recordsDevise induction programmed 8) Investing in Human Resources Human resources are a long term asset of any business, especially when it comes to strategy. The amount of money spent on employees and their learning can be seen as helping the employees to learn better skills that will help the business achieve its goals with more efficiency. The goal of human resources should be to bring the employee s skills out and use them to the business best advantage. Human resource management is concerned with obtaining organizing, training, motivating and rewarding the people needed by the organization. Malcolm, 2005) The organization can gain a competitive advantage over less progressive competitors by developing its human resources to improve employee skills and increase their loyalty to the organization. (Yahoo, 2014) Human resources should be about the development of both fundamentals of management as well as corporate values. This means that any investment in human resource management should achieve both of these goals. A) Customer care training The ARMS is an attraction owned by the Continuum Group which has had a set customer care strategy.The Continuum Group uses the same customer care policy for all owned attractions around the I-J. Staff at the ARMS adopted the basic and clear set of standards outlined by this policy. It is used well every day at the visitor attraction to achie ve a high level of customer care and maintain customer satisfaction. Every aspect of the customer care policy is vital to the success of the Real Mary Kings Close which is outlined in this report. The ARMS participates in the following two customer service training programmed: One Hundred Thousand Welcomes It is a customer service training programmer in Scotland.It gives the staff the ability to deliver excellent customer service, benefiting the staff, visitors and the company. There are two types of programmer provided – one for the management staff and one for front of house staff. Welcome Host Customer Care Training It is a customer service training programmer which helps staff to obtain new customer service and improve communication skills as well as the knowledge of local services. Expectation. They receive a recognized certificate in the end of the training. Both of these training programmed are significant to the success of the ARMS operation.The members of staff are g iven the best knowledge of visitor needs and requirements and how the staff themselves can exceed the expectations of every suitor within the ARMS. B) Investors in People It is a specialist in leading and managing people and its mission is to help to achieve objectives through the staff of the business. In 2008 there were almost 40,000 organizations currently working with Investors in People. It is supported by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (IBIS). The ARMS received a bronze award from Investors in People and was also a finalist in the Scottish Thistle Awards in 2010.The awards from the service training programmed are very important for the ARMS to show they do the right things, provide the excellent customer service and now what their customers need and want. 9) Training Induction training Before new employee becomes a tour guide, the special induction training program is provided by ARMS. Each new employee must be accompanied by an employee during the tour. Ne w tour guides are provided with detailed scripts to learn in addition to a booklet which contains historical information needed for the tours.They shadow five tours with general public and then are assigned a buddy. All training provided for new staff is given on site. The new tour guides are then expected to expand their tour in their own way and input their own extra information to make the our as interesting as possible. Product knowledge Product knowledge is a key to the success of the attraction at ARMS. The tour guides should be able to give an in-depth description on the close and how life was when it was used, as well as being able to answer many questions by visitors.Health & Safety training As part of the Health & Safety regulations, all staff has to go through special training program before they start to work at the visitor attraction. This training is provided only once, however all employees should repeat the training while working at the attraction to keep the highest level of the customer service. The first aid training is provided only to the management team and they get certificate in the end of the training. This training is not provided for tour guides and it should be changed.The tour guides are responsible for the visitors during the tours taken underground therefore the fast first aid would be necessary. 10) Training programmed and their benefits Benefits to the organization visitors, to know their expectation and needs By providing relevant training to the employees, it increases the customer satisfaction. Visitors would willing to visit attraction where know they do not waste a time and money. Enhance the reputation, people will speak about the attraction and recommend to friends and family. The image of the attraction will improve too.Investing into employees means their loyalty to the organization Benefits to the employees The training programmer can motivate the staff to learn new things, to improve and to develop their skills Train ing makes the employee that they are part of organization â€Å"family' With training provided, the tour guide can provide excellent customer service to the visitors while on the tour. They can be consequently rewarded by weekly award called â€Å"The Magic Award† by their colleagues or by customers' feedback revived as â€Å"Service Excellence Nomination†. 1) Implications to the organization of poor training Low staff aptitude, skills and product knowledge No staff motivation Lack of improvement over time The staff leaving the company 0 poor quality of service 0 bad reputation – the customers' negative feedbacks for tours, tour guides and attraction itself, by mouth 0 less number of visitors to the attraction 0 losing the customers now and in the future 12) The function of Staff Appraisals The organization is able to assess how each member of staff is working by conducting he staff appraisal.The staff appraisal is an opportunity to evaluate the performance of employees at least once per year. It is managed through a discussion between staff members and management. These discussions provide agreements about objectives and the achievement of targets. The aim of the appraisal is to evaluate the work and priorities the individual employee's future duties and development needs. The organization can identify its underachieving employees and either give them special attention to improve their performance, or begin the process of replacing them (eh, 2014)The staff Rota is a list of employees who are working on any given day, week or month. Planning the amount of staff needed to be able to handle the daily and weekly workload of any business is essential. This can be achieved by using a planning Rota to make sure enough staff are available to cover the necessary work, but the business needs to be careful to make sure enough staff are included on the Rota as not enough employees on hand could have bad financial impacts on the business. The purpose to make staff Rota in advance is important for full time employees to give them statutory hours as stated in their contract and to cover holidays.It is also important in high seasons (Summer, during the Fringe Festival) when the number of visitors increases, so the organization hires a seasonal staff and make staff Rota in advance, firstly to expand the tours and secondly can see the flowing visitors number by number of staff on a day. 14) Ineffective roster If the staff roster is not planned and made in advance it could have impact to the employees but mainly to the customers. While less staff is working during the shift it is more stressful, the employees can provide less effort on the customer service and customers are dissatisfied.It is bad reputation for the attraction and it loses the customers now and in the future. The planning of staff Rota also helps to minimize the harmful effects of long shifts and reduce proceeding mistakes. 1 5) Conclusion As said in the beginning of the report the human resources are important in the business as they affect the operation of the attraction, the staff and the customers. The organization should put more effort on recruitment process and consecutive selection of staff to avoid unnecessary cost and mistakes. In the ARMS, the Health & Safety and First Aid training should be considered before new employees start their bob.

Reading the Sopranos

What has Carmela ever done for Feminism'? Introduction Feminism in a simple definition refers to women's movements, and feminism is a subject that is on going which has become a forum for debate in relation to television and film. My main focus will be feminism in the television series ‘The Sopranos' which will be used as a case study to examine the theory of feminism plus psychoanalysis and how it's inflicted on the screen.An academic book that I have selected will allow me to approach feminism in ‘The Sopranos' and I have also picked a certain chapter room the book â€Å"Reading The Sopranos' Edited by David Leaver, chapter 3 What has Carmela ever done for Feminism'? Carmela Soprano and the Post-Feminist Dilemma. This book will allow me to tackle the issues on feminism and psychoanalysis by using the case study and relevant examples.Feminism is seen as a form of defending women's rights and making them equal with men, and Carmela attempts to oppose this on Tony by stat ing that she's not asking for fifty/fly Just some support, â€Å"I'm not saying fifty/fifty, but Jeez† (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela might blame Tony for the way she is Just a mother and housewife. Although if we look at this from a Marxist point of view they suggest that it's not about men, it's about the upper class. They are the reason for inequality and the reason why women and men are oppressed. Doesn't anything ever change? â€Å", Carmela isn't happy with the way things are she's indirectly implying she wants more a career, to be able to work, although can't have it because of her husband. Carmela Soprano isn't asking to be the same as Tony, however Just some rights to give her a break, she contradicts herself as states she's no feminist but wants some rights. Carmela doesn't trust feminism that much as she relies on her husband, and has been dependent on him and doesn't know what to do.She finds herself in a confusing position in terms of her life style as feminism ha s been given an unpleasant label by the media institutions makes her feel weary whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially strongly rejects that feminism is an elitist practice but she secretly inside believes that it is an elitist practice, the reason she rejects this is because she knows she will never be that so finds comfort in rejecting. That's why here is a slight envious feel for her daughter, Meadow who might Just be on her way to her mother's dreams.Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the behavior of people, the drives of the unconscious. Tony and Carmela often suppress things and let them slide through to the unconscious suppressing their emotions. Psychoanalysis asserts that the lead to the development of adult emotional problems. (do in my own words and relate it to Corpsman feminism psychoanalysis) In ‘The Sopranos' we are presented with different types of women in regards to feminism.To some degree women are vital in demonstrating and driving the reiterative forward, as without them the concept changes in terms of genre and other aspects such as storyline as it will Just be a bunch of criminal men. Feminism has always been a key factor in such gangsters films such as ‘The Sopranos', ‘Godfather' (1972) directed by Francis Ford Copula, and ‘Godlessly' (1990) directed Martin Scores including many more as women play a crucial role as they reveal the men's persona away from the criminal, adulterous activities in their daily lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony Soprano is aware of Tony's activities that he undertakes with his fellow friends, including his business that consists of a strip club named â€Å"Bad Being†. Tony is involved in what would be called organized crime and adultery, which Carmela knows about, however it seems that Carmela is refusing to accept what Tony does yet she doesn't refuse the lifestyle as well as money considering where it comes from.She attempts to balance the b ad aspects of her life by doing charitable deeds for friends, the priest, however she ends up contradicting herself. When she indirectly threaten a women (name, episode and series) to write a commendation letter to a college for her daughter, Meadow. ( quote from the book) Gangsters films compose of a similar narrative that is driven by set codes and conventions. Films that are similar to ‘The Sopranos' are ‘LA confidential',goodwill's' and the ‘Godfather' they all share similar qualities when talking about feminism.Having read the book based on Carmela Soprano, she appears as a confused character that isn't too sure of what she wants, she's an indecisive person. Carmela is in compromise as she chose this lifestyle, â€Å"but Carmela is no victim† (Leaver, 2006. PAP) there's no doubt about that she's not a victim. Carmela appears as a victim, although everything she does she does willing and with thought behind it.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty - Research Paper Example From 1819, Panama was some piece of the league or a federation and nation of Colombia however when Colombia rejected United States arrangements to assemble a channel over the Isthmus of Panama, the U.S. upheld a transformation that prompted the autonomy of Panama in 1903. The new Panamanian government sanctioned French specialist Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to arrange a bargain with the United States. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty permitted the U.S. to assemble the Panama Canal and accommodate interminable control of zone five-miles wide on either side of the trench. Despite the fact that the French had endeavored development of a trench in the 1880s, the Panama Canal was effectively manufactured from 1904 to 1914. When the channel was finished the U.S. held a swath of area running the roughly 50 miles over the Isthmus of Panama. The division of the nation of Panama into two parts by the U.S. domain of the Canal Zone brought about strain all around the twentieth century. Also, the independent Canal Zone (the authority name for the U.S. region in Panama) helped little to the Panamanian economy. The occupants of the Canal Zone were essential U.S. natives and West Indians who worked in the Zone and on the channel3. Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was marked or signed on 18 November 1903 by Secretary of State John M. Feed and Philippe Bunau-Varilla, a French waterway guru who had helped arrange the Panamanian rebel against Colombia and went about as the new managing juntas emissary to Washington. The bargain gave that the United States ensure the autonomy of Panama, while getting in interminability a ten-all inclusive portion of domain for the development of a trench. The United States was made completely sovereign over this zone and held the right to mediate somewhere else in Panama as important to keep request. In exchange,

Workplace Spirituality Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Workplace Spirituality - Thesis Example The findings of the study showed that the main challenge of adopting spirituality is that employees are not aware of the difference between spirituality and religion. In addition, expression of spirituality can only be achieved through the management's intervention. It is the most important factor because without the management's initiative to set clear guidelines on how employees can express their belief and promote spirituality; employees would continue to function as they do. With the adoption of spirituality, each employee would be recognized and diversity would be accepted, thus increasing job satisfaction and productivity. Interest in the concept of workplace spirituality continues to gain traction, as spirituality is taken into the context of connecting with one's inner self and the other people around him (Ashmost & Duchon, 2000). The conquest towards spirituality is not tied to incorporating religion onto the workplace or enforcing individuals to adopt a religious mindset. I n workplace spirituality, the concept of spirituality focuses on creating meaning out of work and finding the underlying purpose that forms the bond between the company and its employees (Ashforth & Pratt, 2010). Workplace Spirituality is referred to a culture in an organization wherein individuals are encouraged and empowered to search for purpose and meaning in the work they perform in light with one's physical and mental presence. It is in line with an employees' interest in connecting with each other and form a bond as a community (Besk & Jessup, 2004). Workplace spirituality is geared towards a harmonious environment in an organization, of people working together towards a common goal. It is important to note that the concept of workplace spirituality does not specifically cater to traditions or practices that have been organized. It is beyond the context of theology, wherein one leads as a spiritual guide among individuals. In truth, workplace spirituality focuses on the recog nition of each individual in a community under an organization (Cragg, 2000). The challenge in tapping spirituality in organizations is that it didn't used to exist in work management. Productivity models that are adapted in the workplace are directed towards efficiency without the necessity to be concerned of other people's welfare. In that regard, most organizations do not pay heed to an individual's inner life as common conception dictates that personal beliefs are to be separated from work (Besk & Jessup, 2004). However, it is important to note that studying human emotions help in expanding our knowledge and comprehension of the reason behind people's actions and the manner in which they act. In essence, tapping one's inner spirituality helps an individual understand others better in terms of behavior, thus leading to greater productivity and efficiency (Ashmost & Duchon, 2000). Research Problem The researcher intends to determine how the adoption of spirituality affects the wor kplace. Research Questions 1. What are the benefits of adopting spirituality in the workplace? 2. What are the challenges in adopting workplace spirituality? 3. How does workplace spirituality influence employee performance? Significance of the Study The present study is being conducted to identify the challenges and benefits of adopting spirituality in a work place setting. The researcher chose Convergys (a call center) in the United States to assess in terms of the impact of workplace spirituality is because this organization functions on a collective effort to attain the organization's goals. In addition, the type of job of most

Corporate protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate protection - Essay Example In order to achieve these objectives, the company has made an effort of sending its Chief Financial officer and CEO to the Caucasus region, as a fact-finding mission, as well as deploying an expatriate group of 25 employees for 6 months, in order to familiarize with engineering and drilling techniques required in the region. However, the stated objectives of the company have led to it facing a number of threats which requires it to take action. It is needed to increase the expertise of its Protective Security Managers for better examination and understanding of threats hence planing and implementing effective security strategy (Kit bond corporate protection services n.d.). The purpose of the strategy will be to provide protective security solutions, capable of not only maximizing protection for the employees, but also ensuring their liberty in conducting operations in the region. Textar Oil and Gas Company as a multinational corporate organization in the field of gas and oil global exploitation, is facing a lot of difficulties. It is experiencing a number of threats which are putting its employees, especially those in the caucasus region, into a great danger. The emerging Textar’s competitive companies in the market are responsible of these threats. To provide better solutons for these threats, the Company has proposed a corporate orientated protective security solution, through a strategy that involves two maximum security corporations (Halibozek & Kovacich 2003). These security corparations can work as separate entities but in the case of Textar Company, they have decided to work as one unit inoder to ensure maximum security for the company, as well as its employees especially those working in the caucasus regions which seems to be the most insecure region. The first security corporation is KBCPS. This is an asset protection corporation, developed to offer interventions

Healthy People 2020 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Healthy People 2020 - Research Paper Example Finally, in 2010, Healthy People 2020 was launched to guide health work for the next 10 years or up to 2020. Sometime during the mid-period or thereabouts of each of the ten-year programs, a mid-course review is conducted. For instance, the mid-course review for Healthy People 2010 was started to be published in December 2006. Presumably, therefore, a mid-course review for Healthy People 2020 will be done sometime 2015 or thereabouts. The launching of Healthy People 2020 was announced by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through an official press release on 2 December 2010. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2011), there are four overarching goals in Healthy People 2020. First, the attainment of â€Å"high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death.† The second overarching goal is the achievement of health equity, elimination of health disparities, and improvement of health of all groups. The third overarching goal is the creation of social and physical environments that promote good health. Finally, the fourth overarching goal is the promotion of a quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. The four overarching goals are declared in the official website of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for its healthy people programs in www.healthypeople.gov as well as in a brochure produced in November 2010. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2010, p. 4), the population of Montgomery was estimated at 366,900 as of 1 July 2010. Approximately, 60 percent of the population resides in Montgomery County. Further, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2010, pp. 4-5), Montgomery’s population was growing at an average of 1.3 percent annually during the 1990s but the population growth rate dropped to 0.1 percent annually since 1 July 2008. Unemployment rate in

Company Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Company Law - Coursework Example Sale of DVD players can be impacted due to recycling old DVD players and hence investing in both the companies results in conflicts of interest. According to section 175, it is the duty of a director to avoid a situation in which his direct or indirect interest conflicts with the interest of the company in which he is already a director. It is not an infringement if the situation is not likely to give rise to conflict of interest or if the investment is already authorised by the board. In the new Act, shareholders’ approval of the conflict of interest is required either by resolution or by Articles. 2,3. In Boardman v Phipps4. the defendant had acquired special knowledge by virtue of being his solicitor and abused it for his personal benefit along with another. Held that as a fiduciary, he should have avoided conflict of interest. In Peso Silver Mines Ltd. v. Cropper,5 a leading Canadian case law involved conflict of interest arising out of fiduciary duty, the defendant took a dvantage of a rejected business opportunity by the plaintiff and utilised it for his personal benefit along with others. ... he resigned from the plaintiff company and secured the contract meant for plaintiff company in the name of his newly formed company.8 Another relevant case is Bhullar v Bhullar 9 wherein the principle of directors avoiding conflict of interest has been upheld. It was held that failure to pass information to the company about a business opportunity and utilising it for personal benefit amounted to breach of duty against conflict of interest. This put to rest the decision in London and Mashonaland Exploration Co v New Mashonaland Exploration Co10 that â€Å"directors did not have a duty not to place themselves in a position of conflict†11. In Plus Group Ltd v Pyke12, it was held that it was not a breach of fiduciary duty to work for a competing company as he had been effectively excluded from the company of which he continued to be a director. 13 A codification of common law, section 175 can apply to multiple directorships apart from exploitation of property, information or busi ness opportunity a director is able to access by virtue of his position. The director’s duty to inform conflict of interest cases even if the company or the directors are not interested in them. This statutory duty is not breached if already authorized by the company in the prescribed manner. Originally shareholder could only authorize such a conflict of interest. Now under the statute, in the case of a private limited company, it can be authorized by other directors who have no conflict of interest in the particular matter, provided the company’s articles also permit. In the case of a public limited company the non-conflicted directors can authorise provided the articles specifically permit it. If all the directors are conflicted, then shareholders’ approval will be required. This duty came

Community Preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Preparedness - Essay Example As the study outlines EMI is resourceful in terms of preparing the knowledge of a person with regards to disaster. In this respect, it teaches one on the preparedness strategies which are common in all disasters. It informs a person on various hazards and emergencies which may affect a community. One can learn of the various hazards that may strike the community. This also includes the risks that are associated with these hazards. EMI also has information of the modalities that should be followed as plans for warning and evacuation. Through this resource, a student can acquire adept knowledge on classification of various hazards. The natural hazards include hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, thunderstorms and lightning, winter storms and extreme cold, earthquakes and volcanoes, tsunamis, wild fires among others. The technological disasters that a community may encounter include nuclear power plants and hazardous materials. The terrorism associated disasters include explosions, chemical t hreats, biological threats and nuclear blasts. EMI also has information on how to obtain spatial distribution of these disasters. This is by employment of hazard maps. EMI also imparts knowledge pertaining to warning systems and signals that the community should employ in cases of disaster incidences. A student can learn on the various methods that can be employed in warning the community about potential disasters. EMI also offers information pertaining to the methods of community evacuation in cases of disaster. It gives evacuation guidelines that are imperative to a community. It has information on the transportation arrangements and escape routes and what to do when evacuating. Through EMI, one can learn of the importance of emergency plans for various institutions in preparedness for disasters. One can also learn of the various water conservation tips.  

Why Go To College Essay Example for Free

Why Go To College Essay What influenced me to attend college? My Grandparents have tried to get me to go to college for many years. However, I didn’t have much interest in furthering my education. I was a nanny for almost seven years, and had hopes of making that my career, until I was charged with a felony. That put an abrupt end to a career in any form of childcare. So after spending the next two years in treatment, I came to the conclusion that going to college would be the best way for me to achieve my new interest of helping others with their chemical dependency addictions. â€Å"Your future starts here†(www.grad.pci.uta.edu). There are a lot of colleges that use that catch phrase. My future without college became clear to me when witnessing two brothers that came from the same background. One attended college and the other chose not to, and began his own transportation business. With the event of 9-11, his business went under. Without an education beyond High School, he has not been able to find meaningful employment and is currently living in a camper and doing odd jobs. The other brother, that attended college, is now an executive in a major corporation and is living in a ‘mansion’. It became clear to me that in order to get into the field I am interested in and make a decent living, I would need to further my education. The difference in the annual income between someone with just a high school diploma and someone with a Bachelor’s Degree is huge. Statistics show that High School graduates on average make $33,176 a year, and someone with a Bachelor’s Degree can make $54,756 on average per year.(www.ohe.state.mn.us, Facts About Income of Graduates, Minnesota Office of Higher Education, March 23, 2012, web, Aug. 2013) Now that’s quite a difference. I chose to compare these two things because a Bachelor’s Degree is what I would need to get into the field I may possibly be interested in. I’m still unsure of a specific major that I would like to pursue. Chemical Dependency Counseling is an interest of my mine, but I’m still undecided. So that’s another plus with going to college, they offer courses that are meant to help someone who’s unsure about what they want to do with their future, find something that interests them. I have found that college is not as easy as I once thought. There are many things or activities one must give up or put on hold while attending college, but a little studying now will lead to a better future later. Mainly what I hope to gain by attending college,  is not only a higher education, but also a skill set and the discipline to build a career in the field I choose, rather than just having a minimum wage job.

Bomb Calorimeter Experiment

Bomb Calorimeter Experiment Bomb  Calorimeter  Experiment There are different amounts of Calories in the types of food that you eat every day. So I  wanted to find out how many Calories are in three different kinds of nuts so,  I discovered the Bomb Calorimeter. I will be using the Calorimeter to find out the amount of Calories for the nuts. The purpose of this experiment is to find out how many food Calories are in a cashew, almond, and peanut. I will also be finding out which type of nut contains the most amount of Calories on average. A Bomb Calorimeter is a device that uses heat to find out how many Calories are in foods but in this case it will be used to find out how many Calories are in these nuts. There are two different kinds of calories the first type is a normal calorie with a lower case c that is the amount of energy needed to heat 1gram of water to 1 °F. The other type of calorie is with an upper case C,this Calorie is equal to 1000 normal calories and are called Kilo Calories or Food Calories. I believe that the cashew will contain the most amount of energy and Calories because of the oils that the cashew produces The bomb calorimeter is made up of a large and small tin can, a metal rod, a cork and a needle. I will also need a thermometer that measures in Fahrenheit, a food scale capable of measuring in grams, a measuring cup, and 10 of each nut. I used these materials to create the calorimeter by opening up the top and bottom of the large can and opening only the top of the smaller can. Then I hammered in 2 holes equal to each other in the bigger and small can. Then I stuck the metal rod through each of these holes. Then I opened up 8 holes on the bottom of the can and placed the blunt side of the needle into the cork. To do this experiment I poured half a cup of water (118 grams) into the smaller can and placed the nut on top of the needle. Then I lit the nut on fire and quickly placed the cans over the nut. I took the temperature of the water before and after I did the experiment to find the change in temperature which is an important part of my experiment. The variable for my experiment ar e: the type of nut as the Independent Variable, the amount of water used for each trial as the Dependent Variable, and the amount of Calories for each nut as the Constant Variable. Since the nuts were too light to weigh on their own I had to weigh all10 of the nuts at once and find the average. Then once I finished my experiment and found the difference in temperature for all the trials I found the average. Then to find the average amount of Food Calories I divided the change in temperature by the amount of water in grams . The average amount of Food Calories was: peanuts- 3.48, almonds- 3.642 and cashews- 6.36. In the end I had proved my hypothesis where I stated that the Cashews would have the most amount of Food Calories due to the amount of oil in the nut. Introduction Have you ever wondered how many Calories are in the types foods you eat every day? For this experiment I will be using use a Bomb Calorimeter which uses heat to find out the amount of Calories in the food item. The purpose of this experiment will be to find out how many Food Calories are in certain foods. I will be building my own Bomb Calorimeter out of tin cans and I will be testing out 3 different kinds of nuts. These nuts are almonds, cashews, and peanuts. The end objective of this experiment will be to find the average amount of Calories in each nut. Hypothesis/Research In this experiment I will not be eating the nuts but instead I will be using calorimetry. Calorimetry is the science of measuring through heat, in Latin the word calor means heat and metry means measure. Calorimetry is also the measurement of the amount of heat exchanged. Calorimetry can be used to find out home many Calories are in food. Calories are a unit of energy or heat that all types of food are sources of. In food, built in energy is measured in Calories. Calories with a capital C are called Food Calories and equal up to 1000 calories, a calorie with a lower case c is the amount of energy it takes to heat 1gram of water to 1degree Celsius. To find out the amount of Calories in the nut I will have to divide the change in degrees Fahrenheit by the amount of grams in the water. I will be testing this experiment 10 times for each of the three nuts I have chosen (peanut, almonds, and cashews). For this experiment I will place the nut into a metal container and light it on fire. As the nut burns another container that is filled with water will absorb the heat and its temperature will rise. It will most likely combust if I do everything correctly in the experiment. I believe that the cashew nut will hold the most energy calorie-wise because of its size and the amount of oil in the nut and in the outer shell of the cashew. Procedure Materials 10 cashews 10 peanuts 10 almonds A lighter Food scale that measures in grams Water Water container A measuring cup capable of measuring Yza cup A Large and Small Metal Can Can opener Hammer and nail Metal rod Thermometer Needle Cork 2 Variables Independent Variable- The type of nut for example cashews, peanuts, and almonds -nDependent Variabmount of water used for each trial Constant Variable he amouof Cries fo..i;a: £. nut , r†¢ Step-by-StepDirections Fill the container with room temperature water Insert the smooth end of the needle into the smaller end of the cork Use the can opener to open up the top and bottom of metal can Then wash and dry the can With the hammer and nail open up holes around the bottom of the large can With the can opener cut the top of the other metal can Then with the hammer make two holes down from the top of the can across each other Insert the metal rod into the two holes in the can Place the thermometer into the smaller can Then pour half a cup of water into the smaller can for every trial Take a nut and weight it in the food scale Write down the weight Then place the nut onto the sharp end of the needle Place the large end of the cork on a non-flammable counter-top Light the nut with a lighter Then quickly place large container with the smaller container hanging over the nut You repeat this for 10 more trials for each type of nut 3 Results 1   began my experiment with the almonds I had measured them altogether which came up to 15 grams. I had divided this number by 10 to get the average weight because the nuts were too light the average weight was 1.5 grams. The average time for the almonds came up to 2 minutes and 25 seconds. The almonds did not heat the water that much but they were the middle second highest heat with the cashews being filled with the most amount   of Calories. The almonds had averaged out to have 3.642 Food Calories per almond. Next I prepared the cashews to be weighted. Again the nuts were too light so I had to do an average and their   weight equaled to the weight of the almonds. The average weight of a cashew was 1.5 grams. When I placed the first nut on the needle and set it on fire the waters temperature began to rise only 13 seconds in. After I had finished with 5 trials the cork was basically burnt up and the top turned a grayish color. The cashews turned out to be the nut with the most amount   of Food Calories at an average per nut of 6.36. Lastly I ended my experiment with the peanuts. I weighed all10 of them together since these were also too light. The peanuts came up to 14.4 grams altogether. The average weight of the peanuts was 1.44 grams. I lit the peanuts on fire and placed the cans over them. The waters temperature began to rise 17 seconds in but only got up to l10 °F on average. The peanuts total amount of Food Calories was the least out of the three at around 3.48 per each nut. 4 5 Conclusion In the end of my experiment I proved my hypothesis correct. In my hypothesis I stated that the cashew would contain the most amount of heat which would turn into Food Calories after I did my calculations. Throughout the experiment I found out the difference between Food Calories and normal calories. A Food Calorie contains 1000 normal calories and that one normal calorie equals to one gram. Then one hundred and eighteen grams equals half a cup of water. I needed this to determine the amount   of Food Calories were in the nut. This experiment showed me that you can find out the amount of Calories in your everyday food using materials that do not cost a lot of money. If I were to do this experiment again I would exchange the nuts with another type of food. I would want to figure out what would happen if I were to use a potato chip. D1d ) c2os-e_O(off? wk[ do -ltu ,JC_J0 uVf-fbIcJ-o-/-o cufj-hJ:,(.sW? eooJ-f.ootVQ_kow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   e>c 6

Brain-Behavior and Nature-Nurture: Two Interacting Scientific Debates E

Brain-Behavior and Nature-Nurture: Two Interacting Scientific Debates Whether there is more behind human behavior than can be explained solely by neural phenomena has been the subject of much time-worn scientific and philosophical debate. In regards to this question, two primary classes of alternative explanations come to mind: the human soul and the environment. The former of these involves a possible internal, individualistic force guiding behavior beyond the guides provided by the brain; many feel that the topic of the human soul is best left in the realm of the philosophical. Environmental influences on behavior, however, are quite pertinent to scientific investigations into the brain/behavior dichotomy. Whether and to what extent one’s environment effects one’s behavior, personality, even destiny is embodied by the widely publicized and highly politicized nature-nurture debate. Generally, those factors thought to come from nature are those that are inherited, and those thought to be nurture-bred are inculturated. It seems, then, that a discussion of neural control of behavior necessarily involves this nature-nurture question; the interplay between inherited brain structure and inculturated experience offers insight into the roots of behavior. Vitalists and reductionists, empiricists and situationists, geneticists and sociologists all have something different to say about the degree to which the human genome specifies human traits. Many of these traits are behavioral, thus, these people also have much to say about the role of the brain in guiding behavior. It is estimated that sixty percent of human genes are dedicated to neurological development (5). This is an immense amount of genetic material, and, particularly du... ... still be subject to biased interpretations of which we are capable as human-mammals. â€Å"Our concepts of reality will always be shaped by our genetically-inherited mental models† (3). Subjecting myself to biased interpretations, though, I feel that an individual drawing breath each day in the context of many, nestled environments much akin to the Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory **, behaves ultimately because of the brain and the genes from which it originates. WWW Sources 1) Compton’s Encyclopedia http://comptons2.aol.com/encyclopedia/ARTICLES/03888_html 2) The Eye of the Frog http://www.objana.com/frog/home.html 3) Sociobiology page http://res3.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/3976/socio.html 4) Of Mice and Men http://www.informinc.co.uk/LM/LM73/LM73_Futures.html 5)Pro-nurture http://www.michiganinbrief.org/text/issues/issue-23.htm

Malignant Hyperthermia Essay -- Medical Biology Disease

Malignant Hyperthermia Abstract A patient, waiting to undergo his cardiac surgery, is lying on a surgical platform. An anesthesiologist enters the surgical room and injects some general anesthetics into the patient’s bloodstream. The patient appears normal until after a few minutes, the patient suddenly experiences increasing body temperatures leading to a high fever, muscle rigidity, and increased heart rate. The anesthesiologist is perturbed, runs out of the surgery room, and alerts the surgical staff of the patient’s alarming symptoms. The surgical staff identifies the symptoms as Malignant Hyperthermia. What exactly is Malignant Hyperthermia and how is it caused? Malignant Hyperthermia, a rare skeletal muscular disease found in humans, pigs, horses, and many other animals, is a channelopathy caused by abnormal calcium channels. This paper serves to investigate the problems within the specific ion channels known to cause the disease. The goal of the paper is to understand more about Malignant Hyperthermia and about how particular ion channels associated with the disease operate. Learning about the chemistry behind the disease is crucial in order to prevent future occurrences of Malignant Hyperthermia and to design new treatments. Introduction Malignant hyperthermia is a fatal, inherited disorder that affects less than 200,000 people in the United States. [1] As mentioned in the abstract, Malignant Hyperthermia is channelopathy, or a disease caused by mutations in channel protein genes. Malignant Hyperthermia is triggered by anesthetics, which includes common inhalants, and by medication containing succinylcholine, a substance often used as a muscle relaxant in emergency medicines. [2] After the initial ... ...anodine receptor-Ca2+ release channels in malignant hyperthermia." Biophys J. 73(4) Oct 1997 29. Jul 2008 . [8] Jiang, Dawei, Wenqian Chen1, Jianmin Xiao, Ruiwu Wang, Huihui Kong, Peter P. Jones, Lin Zhang, Bradley Fruen, and S. R. Wayne Chen. "Reduced Threshold for Luminal Ca2+ Activation of RyR1 Underlies a Causal Mechanism of Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia." J. Biol. Chem. Vol. 283, Issue 3025 July 2008. 29 Jul 2008 . [9] Korf, Bruce R. "Korf Genetics." Human Genetics and Genomics . Blackwell Publishing. 29 Jul 2008 . [10] Millar, 2007. Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. 29 Jul 2008 .

Aspects of Darkness in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Aspects of Darkness in Macbeth      Ã‚   Lady Macbeth has a fear of the darkness of hell: "Hell is murky" (5.1) What are the other aspects of darkness displayed in Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth?    Roger Warren states in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunn's direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, how the witches represented the darkness of   black magic:    Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted 'Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283)    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson states the place of darkness in the action of the play:    It is the phrase "to outrun the pauser, reason [2.3]," which seems to me to describe the action, or motive, of the play as a whole. Macbeth, of course, literally means that his love for Duncan was so strong and so swift that it got ahead of his reason, which would have counseled a pause. But in the same way we have seen his greed and ambition outrun his reason when he committed the murder; and in the same way all of the characters, in the irrational darkness of Scotland's evil hour, are compelled in their action to strive beyond what they can see by reason alone. Even Malcolm and Macduff, as we shall see, are compelled to go beyond reason in the action which destroys Macbeth and ends the play. (106-7)    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the moral darkness into which Macbeth lowers himself:    The main theme of the reversal of values is given out simply and clearly in the first scene - "Fair is foul, and foul is fair"; and with it are associated premonitions of the conflict, disorder and moral darkness into which Macbeth will plunge himself.   (95)    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the "images of night" and their impact on the audience:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which

Procter & Gamble Company Essay

In November 1981, Mr. Chris Wright, Associate Advertising Manager of the Packaged Soap & Detergent Division (PS&D) of the Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G) was evaluating how the division could increase volume of its light-duty liquid detergents (LDLs). 1 The excellent growth of Dawn dishwashing liquid since its national introduction in 1976 meant that P&G now manufactured and sold three leading LDL brands, holding a 42% share (by weight) of the industry’s $850 million in factory sales. Based on input from the three LDL brand managers who reported to him, as well as his own knowledge of the LDL category, Wright believed there were three major opportunities for volume growth: (1) the introduction of a new brand, (2) a product improvement on an existing brand, and/or (3) increased marketing expenditures on existing brands. In preparation for an upcoming meeting with Bruce Demill,, PS&D advertising manager, Wright began evaluating the volume and profit potential of the three options. Company Organization The company comprised eight major operating divisions organized by type of product: Packaged Soap & Detergents, Bar Soap & Household Cleaning Products, Toilet Goods, Paper Products, Food Products, Coffee, Food Service & Lodging Products, and Special Products. Each division had its own brand management, sales, finance, manufacturing and product development line management groups. One of the most important responsibilities of the brand group was the development of the annual marketing plan, which established volume objectives, marketing support levels, strategies and tactics for the coming year. The brand manager promoted the interests of his brand while the associate advertising manager assumed responsibility for building the business of all P&G brands in his or her category. The brand groups worked closely with the following four line departments in both the development and the implementation of their marketing plans: Sales: The brand groups and sales force frequently interacted. While the brand groups managed categories and brands, the sales force managed markets and accounts. As such, the sales force provided important perspective and counsel on trade and consumer promotion acceptance, stock requirements to support promotions, competitive pricing and promotion activity, and newproduct activity. Each brand group worked closely with the sales force to develop the optimal sales promotion plan for its brand together with appropriate merchandising aids. LDLS are defined as all mild liquid soaps and detergents designed primarily for washing dishes. Product development department (PDD). Since superior product performance was key to the success of P&G products, each brand group worked closely with PDD to ensure continued improvement of its brand’s quality. Fifteen professionals worked exclusively on research and development for LDLs. The PDD continually strove to upgrade product quality or explore new product formulations. If a potential new product was developed, it was extensively tested in consumer and laboratory tests before any test marketing began. Manufacturing department. The brand group provided the manufacturing department with detailed brand volume estimates (by month, size, and form/flavor) to facilitate efficient production, as well as five-year volume base forecasts for capacity planning. In addition, the brand group discussed promotions requiring label or packaging changes with manufacturing to determine the most efficient production methods. Manufacturing informed brand groups about ongoing manufacturing costs and provided potential cost-savings ideas. Interaction between the advertising and manufacturing departments was particularly frequent during any new-product development process, and included discussions on manufacturing requirements, custom-packing options for test markets, and critical paths for production. Finance department Based on volume and marketing expenditure forecasts provided by the brand groups, financial/cost analysts developed and fed back brand profit and pricing analyses as well as profit and rate-of-return forecasts on new products and promotions. This information was key in helping the brand groups to recommend action which would maximize volume and profit growth. Advertising services department. Within the department, there were nine staff groups which serviced the advertising department. These were market research, art and package design, TV commercial production, media, copy services, field advertising, marketing systems and computer services, promotion and marketing services, and advertising personnel. PS&D market research included the following: 1. Market analysis, including bimonthly  syndicated market data that P&G purchased from A.C. Nielsen Co., as well as selected data purchased from Nielsen, Selling Areas Marketing, Inc. (SAMI) and other suppliers for test markets. 2. Consumer research, including studies to: a. monitor how consumers used products and track consumer usage of, attitude towards, and image of P&G and competitive brands; b. test the performance of current products and possible product modifications under in-home usage conditions; and c. evaluate the advertising, packaging, promotion and pricing of P&G brands; also, to evaluate the potential of new-product ideas, using such techniques as concept research and simulated test markets. LDLs could be conceptually divided on the basis of product benefit into three major segments: (1) the performance segment (35% of category volume) provided primarily a cleaning benefit; (2) the mildness segment (37% of category volume) provided primarily the benefit of being gentle to hands; and the price segment (28% of category volume) whose primary benefit was low cost. Volume is measured in P&G statistical cases, each containing 310 ounces. Household growth was a better indicator of LDL volume than population growth (research indicated LDL household consumption varied only slightly with the number of people in the household). 4 ADW households still used LDL for pots and pans and small cleanups. Price brands were sold to retailers for an average of $7.50 per statistical case versus $17.00 per statistical case for the premium-priced mildness and performance brands. the greatest growth in the past 10 years. Some LDL brand managers expected the performance segment to continue to grow at the expense of the mildness segment, since market research indicated that more consumers rated performance attributes (such as grease cutting and longlasting suds) as the most important (see Exhibit 2). The price segment had been in decline, but was expected to stabilize at its current share level due to increasing consumer price sensitivity resulting from the depressed state of the economy. LDL brand managers did not expect this segment to grow because most price brands were not a good value, requiring two or three times as much volume to create the same amount of suds as a premium brand. P&G’s Ivory Liquid, the market leader, used this comparison in its advertising to persuade consumers that Ivory was a better value. The LDL market was relatively stable, with one new premium brand introduced every two and a-half years and an average of two price brands introduced and discontinued per year. As Exhibit 3 shows, 3 companies sold almost 75% of LDLs, with P&G holding a 42% share 6 of the market, Colgate-Palmolive Company a 24% share, and Lever Brothers, the U.S. subsidiary of Unilever, a 7% share. 7 The remaining 27% of the market consisted mainly of generic and private-label brands. As shown in Exhibit 4, marketing expenditures including advertising and promotion typically represented 20% of the sales of an established LDL brand.

Exercise Concept Check Essay

An equation is a number sentence that says that the expressions on either side of the equals sign represent the same number. An expression may be used to designate a value; these can be variables, operations, and or functions. Using algebraic expression, there is no equal sign, only operations. You can simplify an expression not solve it. Business – General Business Week 1 Ethics in Cost Control . (Exercise 1-9) Zoya Arbiser, regional manager of Gold Medal Sports Shops, is reviewing the results of 15 stores in her region. Store managers are moved annually. Each store manager’s income is very dependent on the direct contribution margin of that store. For the past year, Store 9 has been managed by a person who has operated several other profitable stores in recent years and is about to be promoted to a larger store. Zoya notices several items that bother her. Store 9 has almost no personnel training expenses relative to other stores. Store 9 has stopped participating in numerous community events that gave the store significant visibility but did incur substantial expenses. Store 6, where this store manager worked the prior year, has had a severe drop in profits due to higher operating expenses. The advertising budget was spent almost entirely in the first four months of the year, with almost nothing spent in the last several months. Discuss a possible negative managerial scenario that the regional manager may be sensing. Might the manager of Store 9 be an exceptional manager? What are the ethical implications of the scenario? What is the regional manager’s ethical responsibility in this scenario? Explain and support your position  with evidence from the text. Your initial post should be 200 to 250 words. Fixed and Variable Costs . (Chapter 1 Di†¦ For downloading more course tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/1xpwOBd Delay participating in student government until your second year in college. Freshmen views aren’t typically heavily valued by student government organizations. You can use your freshman year to learn about campus politics and discover what role you’d like to play in them. Business – General Business Week 1 Ethics in Cost Control . (Exercise 1-9) Zoya Arbiser, regional manager of Gold Medal Sports Shops, is reviewing the results of 15 stores in her region. Store managers are moved annually. Each store manager’s income is very dependent on the direct contribution margin of that store. For the past year, Store 9 has been managed by a person who has operated several other profitable stores in recent years and is about to be promoted to a larger store. Zoya notices several items that bother her. Store 9 has almost no personnel training expenses relative to other stores. Store 9 has stopped participating in numerous community events that gave the store significant visibility but did incur substantial expenses. Store 6, where this store manager worked the prior year, has had a severe drop in profits due to higher operating expenses. The advertising budget was spent almost entirely in the first four months of the year, with almost nothing spent in the last several months. Discuss a possible negative managerial scenario that the regional manager may be sensing. Might the manager of Store 9 be an exceptional manager? What  are the ethical implications of the scenario? What is the regional manager’s ethical responsibility in this scenario? Explain and support your position with evidence from the text. Your initial post should be 200 to 250 words. Fixed and Variable Costs . (Chapter 1 Discussion Question 9(a)) Controller, Judy Koch, in a recent speech said, â€Å"I rarely see a real variable cost or a truly fixed cost.† What did she mean? Include in your response an explanation of the difference in behavior of variable and fixed cost, including an example to illustrate your explanation. Your initial post should be 200 to 250 words.

Data communications and neetworks Essay

What is signalling? Signalling is a term used for the use of data being transmitted or carried across a medium for example in a network this could be a cat 5 cable. There has to be a way also for the receiver to interpret the data being sent and this is controlled by what’s called â€Å"encoding† however the word â€Å"modulation† also means the same thing. The signal that is sent it modified in a way for it to signify data. There are different types of transmission methods which differ from what type of medium you are using for example cables or wireless – there are four which are listed below: 1. Electrical – uses your cables to transport data between nodes 2. Radio Waves – this would be your wireless networks and could also include Bluetooth devices. 3. Light – this would use fibre optic cabling to send high speeds of data 4. Microwave Analogue & Digital Signalling There are two different types of signalling and these can be done in Analogue which means it changes all time in both amplitude and frequency. For example an analogue clock which has its hands moving all the time is changing the time all the time. Whereas with digital signalling which are representations of discrete time signals. For example a digital clock shows the minutes and not the seconds. When the information is being sent over a network when communicating, the information can travel in two forms, these are analogue and digital. The difference between the two is simple that analogue signalling never stops, and the information is being sent continuously, a good example of this signalling is clocks. An analogue clock will never stop, as the second hand is always ticking, therefore one can record an accurate reading of the time to the second, or even millisecond. For example, 1 hour 15 minutes and 24 seconds. Appose this to digital signalling where one can not get an accurate reading of a clock as it will only show the minutes. And therefore is not continuous. This is because the data is consisting of separate states, which are on or off. Sine Wave This type of wave has two properties a Amplitude & Frequency, the amplitude represents the strength of the signal which would be the volume of a sound for example somebody talking. If the amplitude is stronger than it will travel further. The frequency of a Sine Wave is the rise and fall of the wave from the zero to the top and then back to the zero – this is known as a cycle and is measured in Hz. The higher frequency the more cycles and therefore the lower the frequency the lower the cycles. Analogue The image below shows the analogue type of signalling it’s constantly changing and represents all the values in the wave range, there is always a value in between a value and another. http://moodle. derby-college. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Digital With digital signalling there are no in betweens like there in analogue its simply either 1 or 0, digital represents separate states and the change between these are practically unnoticeable. http://moodle. derby-college. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Asynchronous Transmission Asynchronous transmission is when signals are not sent at regular intervals. A good example of this would be a user using a keyboard attached to a computer. The characters are sent irregularly however the bits must be sent at known intervals. This is done by having accurate clocks at both ends of the link. The receiving clock starts when it receives the first bit from the transmitter, this is also known as the start bit. The receiver then expects to receive a known number of bits every tick of the clock. When it has received these bits the clock may stop; the last bit is known as the stop bit. Synchronous Transmission However when large volumes of data are to be transferred, the waste of the stop and stop bits with every character means that asynchronous transmission is not an efficient method. With high-speed devices, and buffered low-speed devices, data can be transmitted in large, timed, synchronous blocks. The clocks, in the receiver and transmitter, are kept synchronised by sending regular groups of special characters called SYN characters. Each time one of these groups is detected the receiver re-sets its clock, the data apart from this, it’s transmitted in exactly the same way as for asynchronous transmission. We can visualise the data as follows: Bit Synchronisation In a digital signal, as well as on occasion, an analogue one, all the different devices must know how often the signal varies along the transmission medium. For example, if the speed of the changes goes faster then the rate at which the device checks for changes, there will be a few of the bits missed between samples. If then sampling rate goes faster then the rate at which the transmission goes, the same bit will be used for a different sample a second time. To combat this fact, the devices are made to a universal standard so that they can work together in harmony, and there are set systems in place to allow the data to be transferred correctly. A lot of the current technologies use asynchronous serial transmission. This transmission method is used when data is not sent at regular intervals, but the bits themselves have to be sent with regularity, some examples of these are keyboard, mice or even modems. During the spans of time that no signal is sent, the line or other medium is in what is called an idle state. This is defined by the constant 1 signal being sent. One there is a packet of data that needs to be sent, for example, a key on the keyboard is pressed, the receiver first gets a start bit, a 0 state instead of a 1 to define the beginning of a piece of data now being sent to the receiver, it is then sampled and at the end of the data transmission, the signal returns to the original constant 1 state. Encoding Methods Encoding simply means that the information is converted from one format to another format. This is a process that the data needs to have done to it before the computer can understand it and process it. There are different types of encoding which are   Manchester Encoding is a data communications line code which provides a way of encoding binary data sequences. Each bit is related to by at least one voltage level transition. Manchester encoding is said to be self clocking this means that synchronisation of a data stream is possible. Huffman Encoding is another algorithm used for data compression; the coding uses a specific method for choosing the representation for each symbol. Unipolar Encoding This type of encoding has 2 voltage states, one of these states is zero and because of this its also know as Return to Zero (RTZ) Unipolar encoding is used in computers & logic and an example of where its used in computers is the TTL logic. Polar Encoding Polar encoding is when the digital encoding is on a level with zero volts for example the RS232 standard interface uses Polar encoding and unlike Unipolar the value doesn’t return to zero, its either a positive or negative voltage. With polar encoding it reduces most of the residual DC problem.

Good Manger

Chapter 1 Summary Laura Chase is killed instantly in a car accident. Laura's sister must go to the morgue to identify the body, and readers are given an idea of the woman Laura's sister is. She is careful, deliberate, and knows that she must dress appropriately in case newspaper reporters are nearby. She must do anything fitting her position as the wife of Mr. Richard E. Griffen. Especially since the car in which Laura Chase died belonged to Mrs. Richard E. Griffen.Laura's sister decides to wear black, of course, and she must also wear gloves, a veil, and should bring a handkerchief. When Laura's sister opens a drawer in her dressing room, she comes across a stack of school examination notebooks that have been bound in kitchen string. When she lifts the notebooks out, the shock of Laura's death hits her. Chapter 2 Summary Sub-Novel There are two main characters in the sub-novel: the man and woman. Clandestine meetings occur between them and the relationship is in its infancy. The wom an is described as â€Å"nervous. She is married but he is single. Details are dropped into the narrative like toppings on an ice cream sundae – the color of the woman's dress, the kind of tree that sits outside her bedroom window – and these things will be clues to the identities of the man and woman later on. Additionally, news clips, interspersed between vignettes, keep readers on a linear time path with the main novel. Also in this chapter are stories within stories. The woman and man meet several times and in varied places: over lunch, in a park, at night under a bridge.Chapter 3 Summary Main Novel It is June, 1998 and Iris Chase Griffen is about to present the Laura Chase Creative Writing Award to a graduating senior at Port Ticonderoga High School. Readers get to know Iris a bit better throughout the narrative. The death of her sister Laura, which she describes as being as close to a suicide as the word damn is to swearing, is an old wound that still bleeds. He r representation of the Chase family in the presentation of this monetary award is very difficult for her.Iris reminisces about her sister's life, how the story in the sub-novel created a town furor worthy of book banning, and how Iris has withstood the worst of this upset for the past 50 years. Yet, Laura is also seen as a genius taken in the prime of her life – a genius that Iris wears like a hair shirt. Chapter 4 Summary Sub-Novel The man and woman continue to meet in secret. At a cafe, she is uncomfortable because of the part of town in which it is located, and he is uncomfortable with the â€Å"fancy† way she is dressed.Their togetherness, for him, is about sex; their togetherness, for her, is about what is missing in her marriage: love and respect. The two of them leave the cafe and go to a room he is borrowing from a friend. It is threadbare, worn, and shabby. The woman is again uncomfortable in this environment but is so needy for what the man can give her that she stays. They make-love and he continues telling her the science-fiction tale about the residents of Sakiel-Norn. In another instance, at another time, the man and woman meet in a friend's apartment where they again make love, and again, he continues telling the story. Chapter 5 SummaryMain Novel This chapter volleys between present-day and the mid-1920s through the late 1930s in the history of the Chase family. Readers are permitted the chance to know Iris as an old woman and also get to know how Iris came to be that old woman. It is 1925 and Liliana Chase has died after the premature birth of her third child. Iris is saddled with caring for Laura and knows that it is going to be a full-time job. Even though Reenie acts in a motherly fashion toward both girls, it is Iris who tends to Laura's everyday needs. They must be each other's best friend, because they are not permitted to go off the grounds of Avilion alone.It is during this time that Iris tries to figure out why her moth er died as well as how to explain to Laura what happened to the â€Å"unfinished† baby t Chapter 6 Summary Sub-Novel The man and woman continue to meet in a variety of borrowed places: a dingy room, an opulent apartment and a janitor's storeroom in the basement of a building. The woman is clearly out of her element and comments so to herself while she goes to meet the man. She feels out of place in body and spirit: her clothes are too fancy, her walk is too refined and her attitude is too uptown for the downtown surroundings.However, she clearly loves this man, or certainly loves the image of him. He tries to appear nonchalant, but even he grows restless when he thinks she is not coming to meet him. Theirs is a relationship that starts out purely physical but melds into one of need. In addition, as the book continues, readers are left to wonder who this woman is: Laura or Iris? Chapter 7 Summary Main Novel More of Iris's mystery begins to unravel with the opening of Chapter 7 . She possesses a steamer trunk – one from her 1935 honeymoon trip to Europe with Richard Griffen – full of handwritten text and a couple of first edition books.It is hinted that Laura wrote these, but the question does arise: did Iris actually write stories, including the sub-novel? Many have written to Iris in hopes of interviewing her about her dead sister but she has steadfastly refused. She keeps the existence and contents of the steamer trunk a secret from the world. On a trip into Toronto to see her lawyer, Iris asks Walter to drive her past her old home – the one she shared with Richard as a newly married woman. It is still there, and now has tendrils of ivy fingering up the brickwork. Chapter 8 Summary Sub-Novel The man and woman continue meeting and telling each other stories.They debate over the ending of the story of the blind assassin and the tongueless girl. The woman wants a happy ending, where the two will live out their years together; the man w ould like to see everyone, including the lovers, annihilated. The storytelling between the man and woman is intellectual foreplay. At another rendezvous, the man tells a nicer story, at the urging of the woman. It is about the Lizard Men of Xenor and their coupling with women of Earth to create a super race. The woman tells the man that she is going away on the maiden voyage cruise of the Queen Mary.It is becoming clearer that the woman is Iris Griffen. Chapter 9 Summary Main Novel The elderly Iris is losing the battle all older people fight: to maintain independence at home. Iris's mind is still sharp but her body is letting her down. She cannot even do her own laundry in the basement without fearing she will fall and be hurt. Elderly Iris is also fighting off the ministrations of Myra who dotes on her as though she inherited her from her mother, Reenie. Myra means well but smothers Iris all the same. Her latest idea is to hire someone to clean Iris's house and do laundry for her.H owever, Iris does not want a stranger touching her underwear. It is the spring of 1936; the Civil War had begun in Spain, King Edward had abdicated the throne for the Duchess of Windsor, and Laura had headed off to school. T Chapter 10 Summary Sub-Novel The woman misses the man desperately and looks high and low for some sign of him; something to tell her that he is safe. She finds their story, The Lizard Men of Xenor, in a newsstand at a train station. She secretly sneaks it home and cherishes it as though he were reaching his hand out to her and her alone.Waiting for him to return from Spain seems interminable and, to pass the time, she imagines him imagining her. In her mind's eye, she sees him on trains, in stations and in diners. Her salvation is that he is on his way home to her, only her, and that he will soon emerge through the mist of a departing train to save her from her own life. Chapter 11 Summary Main Novel As the story progresses, readers are treated to little hints, tiny secrets here and there. Iris likes to visit the middle stall in the washroom of a local doughnut shop.That is where the best graffiti is written (including some about Laura) — and where she would like to add some of her own. She checks into that stall regularly to see what has been written there, as one would get a weekly update to a news item. Laura was sent to a different school — same temperament, different uniform — and plans were laid by Winifred for Laura's debut the following year when she turned eighteen. Laura grudgingly attended school but hated it. Once Laura started to be a bigger burden than Winifred wanted Richard to bear, it was decided that Laura should be married.Chapter 12 Summary Sub-Novel The man returns from the war in Spain and is greeted at the train station by the woman. Because he has not yet rented a room, they go to a seedy hotel to be alone together after such a long time apart. The room in the hotel is the worst place they have ever been together. It smells bad, the furniture is tacky and ripped and there is no fresh air. She tells him that she found The Lizard Men of Xenor and waited, impatiently, for the next episode so that she knew he was all right. She had worried about him dying in the war, and he tells her that nearly happened.Chapter 13 Summary Main Novel, the 1930s Just before World War II, Iris' marriage to Richard was getting worse. She had suffered two miscarriages and learned that Richard had enjoyed his share of mistresses. She assumed these dalliances were with his secretaries who were always very young and very pretty. They kept up marital appearances by going to parties and gatherings and Iris was grateful that Richard was no longer bothering her for marital obligations. Once World War II broke out, Richard and his business were in a bad place.He had been too friendly with the Germans prior to the war and stood to lose a lot of money. Following the end of the war, Iris receives a call from Laura. Back in Toronto, Iris sees Laura at Diana Sweets, one of Iris's favorite shops. Chapter 14 Summary Main Novel, the late 1940s Iris finds old school exercise books after Laura dies. In the mathematics book, there appears a long column of numbers with words opposite some of them. Iris recognizes the numbers as dates. The first date coincides with Iris's return from Europe and the last day was just a few months before Laura was sent to Bella Vista.Iris concludes that these are the dates Richard raped Laura. Iris was grateful that Laura had never seen Aimee because she would have known right away that Aimee was Alex Thomas's daughter and not Richard's. Iris keeps all of Laura's notebooks, bound together with string, plus other manuscript pages in the steamer trunk once used in her wedding trousseau. After Laura's funeral, Iris leaves Richard. She sends the steamer trunk out to Port Ticonderoga and then takes Aimee away while Richard is gone on business. Chapter 15 Summary Sub-No velIris is seen cherishing the photo of her and Alex Thomas at the Button Factory picnic that hot, humid Labor Day in the mid-1930s. The picture was of happiness, but the ensuing story was not. Just before her death, Iris has one last daydream. It is of reuniting with Sabrina, one in which Sabrina does not blame her for her fate. Sabrina calls Iris, comes to her house and sits with her. On May 29, 1999, Iris Chase Griffen dies at the age of 83. Shortly thereafter, Sabrina returns from traveling abroad to see to her grandmother's affairs

Leadership challenge in GAS Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership challenge in GAS Co - Essay Example 5.2. Many car manufacturers have begun to convert their product designs to run on greener alternatives than petroleum fuels. 5.3. Cars and land vehicles using the green technologies will be in mass production by 2015 (three years from this report), in increasing volumes every year, pursuant to mandatory provisions in international agreements and EU directives. 5.4. At present, GAS Co. is still aggressively expanding its conventional gasoline stations which, while offering biofuels, are still designed primarily for petroleum fuels; there are no special design or system considerations yet for alternative fuels. 5.5. The firm’s executives still loyally pursue the original strategy of their parents to pursue the petroleum business which is its present competency; no new competencies are being developed beyond ethanol gasoline (E85). 6. Strategy to overcome the challenge to the leadership 6.1. The present leadership must resolve to break away from its traditional strategy and consi der gaining new competencies in the alternative technologies. 6.2. Aggressive construction of refilling stations should be suspended, pending new designs pursuant to the new competencies. 6.3. Environmental scanning should be conducted to determine the technologies most likely to be adopted in their franchise areas. 6.4. Massive reorientation of R&D and engineering designs, followed by HRD, training, and operations, should follow the decision as to what innovative technologies to adopt. 6.5. New franchise contract should be revised and existing franchises renegotiated in accordance with the proposed technical changes. 7. Conclusion The leadership should assess the new technical, regulatory, and business environment and articulate their company strategies and plans to ensure the firm’s... The organization upon which this discussion shall centre is a petroleum company which, for confidentiality purposes upon the company’s request, this study shall be designated as GAS Co. The firm’s business is the wholesale and retail distribution of petroleum fuel and lubricant products. The firm is based in an emerging Asian economy, and presently has some 500 retail stations located throughout the Southeast Asia and Pacific region, and about 30 depots that store quantities of downstream petroleum products (i.e., diesel, kerosene, unleaded, ethanol (E85), and premium gasoline). GAS Co. began in 1978 as a family corporation which offered mass storage facilities for petroleum and petrochemical based products; it then expanded into providing wholesale supply of petroleum products to industrial and manufacturing clientele. Thereafter it entered into a partnership with one of the world’s leading suppliers of lubricant additives, which enabled the company to undertake its own research and development in lubricants. Not long thereafter, when the downstream oil industry was deregulated by the national government, GAS Co. took the bold step of being the first local petroleum retailer to establish its line of refilling stations. It is now the leading local petroleum retailer in the country, and continues to expand by franchising its fuel refilling stations, which it began in the 1990s.