6 Common Sense Reasons Why Alcohol Is Legal

Essay on Hrm593 Week 3 Assignment - 973 Words

* Based upon the scenario, does the employee have a legally viable claim for quid pro quo sexual harassment and/or hostile environment sexual harassment? What is the likely outcome? * Analyze the legal factors for the potential claim(s) in the context of the employee pursuing legal action against the employer. Brittany Murphy, has a legally viable claim for hostile work environment sexual harassment against her co-worker Robert Singer and an equally viable claim for quid pro quo sexual harassment against her supervisor Dwayne Miller. Robert Singer, made Brittany’s life unbearable at the office by constantly staring at her picture of her in her bathing suit, making inappropriate comments about her chest, taking and altering her†¦show more content†¦Based on the tutorial, Brittany was also a victim of quid pro quo sexual harassment. Her supervisor Dwayne, told Brittany that she would have to accompany him on a business trip, which was not a job requirement, and that she would have to share a room with him. He also informed her that he could transfer her to another division within the organization as a promotion if she would show him her breasts on their business trip. Brittany, told him no, and was demoted to the mailroom with a decrease in pay. In order to support her EEOC claim she would need to prove that her demotion and pay decrease was a direct result of her turning down her supervisor’s request to show him her breasts. Since her supervisor was the one accused of harassment, she could have reported her situation to HR in order for them to properly document her accusation and look into the situation internally. She could also confide in co-workers as well that could testify on her behalf of what happened that day and what her demeanor was like after the incident with her supervisor. Remedies for victims of quid pro quo sexual harassment and hostile work environment harassment may include compensation for damages such as medical expenses, back pay, future economic loss, punitive damages, reinstatement, attorney and court fees, a prison term or fine for the accused. * Lets shift gears. Using the same scenario, assume that you are in the HR Department of your organization, and that you were

Strategic Management Issues in Woolworths Company- myassignmenthelp

Question: Writeabout theStrategic Management Issues in Woolworths Company forIGA. Answer: Problem Statement The retail industry of Australia has only a few large retailers operating as supermarket stores including Woolsworth, ALDI, Coles group, IGA, Foodworks, Macro Wholefoods, and SPAR. However, there is large number of small retailers operating in the country. These retailers give a huge variety of choices of groceries and food items to customers and the retail industry as a whole contribute over 4% to the GDP of Australia. Woolworths is the largest retailer in Australia but with increasing growth of the supermarket, the retailer is facing strong competition from its major rivals. The margins of most retailers in the market are in similar range(Bluschke, 2016). Te only differentiation that these stores can create for consumers are service delivery and retail efficiency. To sustain and build a long term competitive advantage, Woolworths needs to enhance its service efficiency through innovation. If the company can use technological innovation to bring system excellence, service efficienci es can be improved in the stores. Lean principles focus on building efficiencies in the organization and can be used for addressing retail challenges. This research would explore various challenges that are faced by the retailer Woolworths and identify opportunities for making changes through lean practices such that efficiency of the retail processes can be improved(Ambernathy, Dunlop, Hammond, Weil, 2000). Research Aim and Objectives The aim of this research is to explore the strategic challenges faced by Woolworths and identification of opportunities for improvement through lean practices. TO achieve this aim, the following objectives have to be achieved: To explore strategic management challenges faced by Woolworths Company To analyse the challenges to identify opportunities for improvement To explore the opportunities to apply lean practices to eliminate wastes and increase efficiencies Application of lean principles to retail scenario for identifying opportunities for improvement in efficiencies Conceptual Framework A number of studies have been conducted to study the ways retail organizations develop, grow and succeed. Several theories have been developed with these studies that include cyclical theories, conflict theories and environmental theories. Cyclical theories have identified common retail development patterns. Wheel of retailing is one of the cyclical theories which explain the evolution of retail in three phases including entry into retail business with lower prices and margins, emerging into a retailer with high end prices and services followed by competition from new retailers(Oracle, 2015). The theory uses the concept of opportunistic buying, undercutting the existing players and establishing self retail in the market. At the end of the cycle, retailers upgrade their stores or add new product lines with increased prices that enable retailers to work with higher margins(Diamond, 2004). For such a growth path to sustain, strong leadership is needed in an organization as it grows as r etailer expands through enhancements in their merchandize quality and quantity. With these advances, the cost of operations also increases and thus, makes way for the entry of new low cost retailers in the market. Retail life cycles which is another model for studying retail growth among cyclical theories identifies four stages of retail store development including innovation, growth, maturity, and decline that all the organizations go through in its life span(Nielsen , 2013). The time span of each of this phase can vary. In the stage of innovation, investments are high and profits are less while are growth stage, retailer begins to expand along with others in competition till a point maturity is reached in the market and the industry starts t get saturated which is followed by a decline. At this point, innovation is used to revive the market. At this point retailers look for expanding into new markets that have not been explored by the retailer(Dydacomp, 2014). Retail Accordion is another age old cyclical theory in retailing which recognizes the tendency of tailers to alternate between specialization and diversification forming a cyclical pattern of growth and development(Stauss Seidel, 2012). A retailer may be with one niche specialization and then diversify into new products and services. For instance, Amazon started as a book store but soon ventured into other products like apparels and electronics. After establishing itself as a consumer goods retailer, Amazon then diversified into live streaming of videos and recently, it has also started its grocery division(KPMG, 2015). Environmental theories of retail evolution explore the interplay between the internal and external environment of an organization. External environment is composed of political, cultural, demographic, legal, technological and economic aspects. Depending on the variation sin the environment, retail industry matures or goes through a process of innovation which changes the environment giving way to new opportunities(Motorola Solutions, Inc., 2013). Evolution theory which is an environmental theory believes in the process of survival and natural selection and states the organizations adapt to the changing environment to sustain the markets. With change in the environmental factors like political, legal, economic, technological and social paradigms, structures of retail also change. Institutional theory on the other hand identifies organization as a part of its environment and thus, is believed to be interdependent with the environment. As per this theory, the cultural and economic norms of the environment are reflected in the decisions of a retail organization(IBSCDC, 2009). These norms can exist both at task and institutional levels. At task level, norms are linked to performance while at the institutional level; actions are constrained by culture or morals. For example, decisions about merchandize assortment and inventory management are governed by task related norms while promotional activities are governed by institutional n orms such as community practices(Frei Harker, 2000). Conflict theory addresses the concerns of an organization that is newly innovation and in the process; it challenges the status quo which requires a major shift in the market as well as in the organizational culture. A continuous shift happens between actions; reaction and synthesis as the retail come with a competitive advantage as an action and then takes actions that would reduce the competitive advantage which is a reaction(IBM, 2010). This reaction eventually results into modification in the operating methods of the organization. A continual adaptation follows along resulting into synthesis and evolution of innovative formats that establish themselves over time. The theory identifies four stages of innovation in a retail organization that include giving shock to market, giving defensive retreats, acknowledgements, and adaptations. Initially, a retailer is hostile to the threats faced in the industry but as soon as it moves to the stage of innovation, the process advances to the final phase of success(Gupta Kumar, 2014). Research Methodology Research Approach This research involves examination of the strategic challenges that are faced by Woolworths Company such that specific solutions can be come up with for resolving those challenges. This requires a general investigation of the challenges faced by the organization in depth such that specific areas that present the scope for improvement can be identified. As the research needs to go from the exploration of general issues to identification of specific solutions, a deductive reasoning would make a suitable approach for this research. Research Philosophy Choice of a research methodology largely depends on how the knowledge is perceived and believes in its existence. Here, an understanding of epistemology that identifies ways people think about truth and ontology that describes the way things are would be useful for identification of an appropriate methodology. Objectivists believe in existence of truth that can be proven by facts while interpretivists believe in existence of collective interpretations that emerge from believes of different people that can be brought together to explain a phenomenon. In the current case, there is an existence of a truth which can be explained by observing the patterns of retail data such that research can find out what realities exist, what challenges are faced and how these can be tackled. Thus, a positivist approach to research would be taken involving exploration of the observable facts. Research Design As this research needs to investigate the challenges faced by the retailer Woolworths Company, it would need an understanding of the perspectives of the people who deal with those challenges and they would include the employees of the organization who would need to be interviewed. The research would take a mixed approach to research as the phenomenon that has already been studied earlier with some useful findings can create a foundation which can further be used for refining the primary investigation. The research would explore the past research as a secondary research and would analyse the patterns in the existing data to identify challenges, scope for improvement through lean approach and explore the solutions that have already been used to assess their effectiveness(TCS, 2015). Based on the analysis of the secondary data obtained in the literature review, a primary questionnaire would be developed for conducting a survey on the employees of the organization for the primary quantit ative investigation. Information Collection Process The research would be conducted in two parts including secondary qualitative data collection through study of past literatures and researches from journals, research reports, books, and other authentic documents followed by a primary research for which the data would be collected from the employees of the organization for understanding the challenges they face and how they deal with them(The University of Reading , 2001). Sampling and Sample Size A sample of 31 managers working for the Woolworths Company would be taken including those working at senior and mid senior level positions from different departments. These departments would include strategy department, service delivery, ecommerce sales, logistics, and merchandizing. One senior and two mid-senior level managers would be taken from each department for conducting the survey. The sample size has been decided on the basis of the organizational structure and its division into department such that representatives are chosen from each department. Data Analysis The research is a mixed research which includes secondary qualitative data in the literature review that would analyse using a narrative approach to identify possible themes or codes for the primary research on the retailing challenges, solutions and possible gaps that leave a scope for improvement. The analysis results would then be used for creating a primary survey questionnaire which would be used for the primary research which would include collection of the research data from 31 managers and analysis of the same. The survey data would include the qualitative data resulting from the open ended questions and the objective coded data that would result from the objectives questions asked to these respondents(WEF, 2017). A descriptive statistical analysis would be used to analyse the quantitative data which would deliver insights on the challenges faced by retailer and the solutions that have been proven to be useful. It would also include exploration of the gaps that still exist in the company and are required to be improved through the practice of lean(The University of Reading , 2001). The qualitative data resulting from the open ended question responses would be analysed using conceptual content analysis approach which would help identify the challenges that are currently faced by the managers working for the organization and have not been identified in the past researches. This data analysis is expected to deliver some new themes on challenges and opportunities for improvements in retailing. Data Collection Techniques The selected respondents would be given a questionnaire to fill online for the survey such that the data would be collected in the real time through a web based platform from where the data would be downloaded for the analysis. A primary survey questionnaire would be used for collecting the survey data that would identify if the challenges identified in the literature review are faced by the company management, if the discovered methods work to resolve challenges and explore if there were more challenges and scope for improvement. The data collected would be coded into SPSS file which would be further used for analysis. The questionnaire that would be used for the data collection would have both qualitative and quantitative data in the forms of objective questionnaire and the open ended questionnaire. While the objective section of the questionnaire would explore the views of the managers on the existing research findings to understand if they apply to the case of Woolworths, the ope n ended question would explore additional challenges and ways to tackle them that are used by the employees of the organization. Organisation, project budget and schedule Woolworths was founded by Percy Christmas in 1924 in Sydney and is operating today with over 3200 stores in Australia and New Zealand, managed by over 180,000 employees serving 28 million customers across the globe. Over the years, the company became the largest retailer with 31% share in the Australian market. Major brands of the retailer include Safeway supermarkets, Dick Smith electronics, BWS, Dan Murphys and Tandy. This research would explore the retail division of the organization to understand the strategic challenges that are faced by the organization today with an aim to identify opportunities for improvement in the organization. The project would be completed in 3 months which would include identification of objectives, literature study, questionnaire development, survey, data analysis and reporting. A budget of $1200 is required for the completion of the research. The research would follow the schedule given below: Research Activity Milestone Refining aims and objectives of the research 30 days Literature review 15 days Research methodology development 15 days Questionnaire development 10 days Submission of research proposal to Woolworths to get permission for survey 15 days Survey of managers in working in Woolworths 10 days Coding of research data into SPSS 20 days Statistical analysis of quantitative data 20 days Conceptual content analysis of qualitative data 15 days Data Interpretation 15 days Recommendations 10 days Report development 5 days Proofreading and editing 3 days Reference List Ambernathy, F. H., Dunlop, J. T., Hammond, J. H., Weil, D. (2000). Control your Inventory in the World of Lean retailing. Harvard Business Review. Bluschke, N. (2016). To E or not to Be Amazon's role in the retail industry. Module Vienna University. Diamond, E. (2004). Fashion Retailing: A Multi-Channel Approach. Prentice Hall Publications. Dydacomp. (2014). Drive Your Retail Sales Growth With Operational Efficiencies eBook. Dydacomp. Frei, F. X., Harker, P. T. (2000). Value Creation and Process Management: Evidece from Retail Banking. Wharton Financial Institutions Center. Gupta, S., Kumar, N. (2014). Retail Analytics: Game Changer for Customer Loyalty. Cognizant. IBM. (2010). Increasing Sales, Improving Efficiency, Working Smarter in Retail. IBM. IBSCDC. (2009). Indian Organised Retail: In Search of the Right Model. IBS CDC. KPMG. (2015). Indias e-commerce retail logistics growth story. CII. Motorola Solutions, Inc. (2013). IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY AND CUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE RETAIL STORE WITH AUTOMATED INVENTORY MANAGEMENT. Motorola Solutions, Inc. Nielsen . (2013). Continuous Innovations: The Key to Retail Success. The Nielsen Company. Oracle. (2015). Oracle Retail Markdown Optimization. Oracle. Stauss, B., Seidel, W. (2012). Complaint Management in Retailing. Springer. TCS. (2015). A Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improving Efficiency in Retail Store Operations. TCS. The University of Reading . (2001). Approaches to the Analysis of Survey Data . The University of Reading . WEF. (2017). Shaping the Future of Retail for Consumer Industries. World Economic Forum.

Little Buddha free essay sample

Little Buddha was a movie staring Keanu Reeves about a boy named Jesse who was thought to be the reincarnation of a Tibetan teacher named Lama Dorje. In the movie, Jesse is given a book by Lama Norbu that explains how Buddhism originated. Followers believe that it was started by Prince Siddhartha, who was played in the movie by Keanu Reeves. According to the book, there were many signs from the beginning that indicate Siddhartha was a special being. Siddhartha was born in the forrest and his mother had him painlessly while standing up. When he was born, he was fully conscious. He could also fully stand and talk, where as regular babies cant do either. Whenever he would walk, lotus flower pedals would sprout up from below his footsteps. He also spoke of Nirvana before Nirvana was a thing. Siddhartha was born of royalty and he was protected from the world outside his palace. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Buddha or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He got everything he wanted but one day he heard a song that was about everything he didnt know about the outside world. So one day he decided to leave the palace and finds out about all of the pain, suffering, and death there is taking place in the world and he discovers compassion. Siddhartha then moves out of the palace to try and find out more about the â€Å"Outside World.† After days of being away from home, he finds a tribe called the Ascetic Tribe. The Ascetic Tribe were people who had reached Enlightenment but they were not Buddha. The Ascetic Tribe had very gruesome rituals they practiced. They would only eat dirt, bugs, leaves, and fruits and vegetables they could find. Siddhartha soon became an Ascetic and was one for 10 years until he heard a passing musician tell his pupil, â€Å"If you pull the string too tight, it breaks, but if its too loose, it wont play.† this led Siddhartha to believe the Ascetic life was too extreme, and he decided to go to the river to bathe. While he was bathing, a beautiful woman came up and offered him rice, and he took and ate the rice with the other Ascetics watching him. He was then banished from the Ascetic Tribe because he was disloyal to the religion. Siddhartha was now trying to find Enlightenment a different way. As Siddhartha was trying to find Enlightenment he meditated under a tree. The demon Mara didnt want him to progress and so he tried to distract Siddhartha by making him want his Five Daughters. The Five Daughters Of Mara are Pride, Fear, Desire, Ignorance and Greed. Siddhartha could not want any of these because if he did he would have to start the whole process of Enlightenment all over again. Mara tried to distract him with many images of discomforting things. For example, he had an army of soldiers light up flaming arrows and show them at him, but all that happened was that the arrows turned into flower pedals and landed all around him. Another example of Maras distractions was a mirror image of himself talking about things he would want to desire but Siddhartha didnt listen and then Mara was overcome. Siddhartha then reached Enlightenment. At the end of the movie, it turns out that Jesse and two other kids were all the reincarnation of Lama Dorje. Lama Norbu said that it was extremely rare that a reincarnation can turn into three people, but he said it can happen, and in this case, it did happen. Lama Norbu said that when three people are a reincarnation, one person is â€Å"Mind,† another is â€Å"Body,† and the last is â€Å"Spirit.† Part 2: Colors In the first paragraph of this essay, I explained that the movie Little Buddha is about.a boy named Jesse who was thought to be the reincarnation of a Tibetan teacher named Lama Dorje. Jesse lives in Seattle and we meet him when the Tibetan monks go to his house. Jesses family life is going downhill because his Dad has basically just lost his job, his Dads friend just died, and they are about to lose their house. This is maybe why it is always portrayed as being gray and gloomy outside all the time, because they were trying to express his familys feelings. Also, everybody was always dressed in dark and grim colors such as black, dark blue, etc. In contrast, whenever you saw Siddhartha, he always had a sunny, golden, and bright setting around him. For example, when you first see him, when he is being born, that is when the setting was the brightest. Also, almost everybody was dressed in bright colors such as red, gold, and silver. This shows that Siddhartha is the person who is going to be the person who is going to become the Buddha or the â€Å"Enlightened One† Or maybe since he was the â€Å"Enlightened One,† they try to deliberately put more light on Siddhartha always when we see him. However, during the period of time when Siddhartha is looking for Enlightenment, the light is a little bit darker than when he finds Enlightenment. But during the time he was trying to find Enlightenment with the Ascetics the colors were brown and gray, so in a way, that showed us that was not the right path to take. Then when he is tempted by Mara, the colors change to dark blue, gray, and black so we know that Mara is a bad omen. But then once Siddhartha conquers Mara, he reaches Enlightenment, and the colors are golden again. One of the ways we know going to Bhutan is a positive note for Jesse is that all the way up until when Jesse is flying to Bhutan and looks out of his window, it becomes very sunny and golden, even more golden than when they showed Siddhartha being born. Then when he was said to be the reincarnation of Lama Dorje, the colors were bright and golden as well. He is also in orangy-red robes so that is another use of the bright golden colors to suggest positivity and Enlightenment.

An Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Policy

Journal Entry 9 Example

Journal Entry 9 Example Journal Entry 9 – Coursework Example Word Recognition There are three main evidence based practices used in the development of reading fluency and word cognition. They include five areas of interest namely: phonemic awareness, phonics fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. The practises are aimed at diversification of a child’s capacity to recognize written texts and accuracy in reading them speedily. Some of the basic tools that enhance the reading capacity of children include the read-alouds, which give the children the confidence to go through prose and books. Since fluency develops gradually, evidence-based practices show that the students are subjected to repetitive reading skill as they continue to break the code. Consequently, the students may be subjected to silent reading, which a scientifically proven method used in improving the capacity of students fluency. Vocabulary comprehension is another way that is efficient in the development of word recognition both directly and indirectly from extensive individual reading, daily oral language, and explicitly learned vocabulary via word-learning approaches. Tutors further develop the student’s capacities of word cognition in the form of paired readings, choral reading, computer aid, etc. in addition to these aids the students are allowed  different books that allow them to increase their levels of understanding. Reading of these independent level books enable students to achieve better word cognition capacities with any advancements they make. According to the evidence-based practices, automaticity, and prosodic reading are used in unison in order to create a round environment that makes the students achieve fluency. Moreover, reader’s aids made significant improvements in students who were subject them. This makes it a significant method of word recognition. In conclusion, evidence-based practices used in development of word cognition are intrinsically unified since they must develop a child in an all round fashio n. Therefore the researches by Hudson and Rasinski assert that the main areas of interest should be developed in unison for better results.ReferencesHudson, R.F., Lane, H.B., & Pullen, P.C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? Put reading first booklet, docdroid.net/v7wr/prfbooklet.pdf.html Rasinski fluency article 2006, docdroid.net/vfdc/rasinski-2006-fluency.pdf.html National Reading Panel (NRP) issued a report in 2000

Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Report - Research Paper Example 1). Indeed, one basic hurdle to SRNA’s senior management’s decision to shift a long-standing and all-public service strategy of construction and maintenance to one focused on procurement and contracting out is SRNA’s organisational culture. The proposed changes will inevitably lead to redundancies and an explosion in services outsourced. Expectedly, upper management’s suggestions are met with great resistance as is shown in provided case. The case for change is, in fact, hard to ‘sell’ among staff given SRNA’s senior management’s practices evidenced in poor knowledge management strategies. This report argues that, in order for SRNA to diffuse and manage change effectively among staff, network-based, knowledge-sharing strategies should be put in place. Since devolution, Scotland has barely shifted away from a ‘public sector mentality’ (Lyall, n.d.). Resistance to propositions by upper management comes, therefore, as no surprise. Placed in a wider context, outsourcing public services – road building services included – is, in fact, a continuation of a set of policies enacted across all U.K. (Lyall). Indeed, just as outsourcing services has generated much opposition since introduction back in 1980’s (Dodworth, M. & Constable, M., 2006), SRNA’s staff’s opposition to suggested changes is only symptomatic of such shift’s main arguments: employee As a matter of fact, all three issues are not only a U.K. concern but are spread about as much countries as can be wherever and whenever a case is made for outsourcing (Hemson). Indeed, one can hardly find a similar issue in which almost same concerns are voiced. In SRNA’s case, Henry Irving’s, Director General’s (DG’s), practice of surrounding himself with a narrow circle of senior executives adds a particular emphasis on SRNA’s case for knowledge management in a wider context of an eminent change. More specifically, SRNA strongly

Interview-Family Influence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview-Family Influence - Assignment Example The family had to move from place to place every two years and this demanded them to be resilient and easily adjust to their environment as well as the people around them. Growing up in a military family, John Doe was exposed to a lot of friends wherein most of them also belong to military families. He had White and Black American as well as Asian friends and others from cultural groups, too. â€Å"I was raised without prejudice to anyone† (Doe, 2013), the young man said quite contentedly and smiled. He added that his parents never discouraged him to play with other children from a different race. However, when he was bullied or if he met trouble-makers, his parents suggested for him to just stay away from them. Doe’s parents expressed these information verbally to him and his siblings early on perhaps because they know they were expected to meet different kinds of people. Moreover, as any parent does, the Doe couple also warned the children not to speak with strangers for their safety. Explaining was the basic manner the parents used to inform their children about the facts of life. Although the Doe children were taught not to have any prejudice to anyone, they were also taught to be careful with the people they do not know. As experts often say, children are more receptive in learning from what parents show more than what they say. In Doe’s case, his parents’ teachings were indeed fortified by what he saw them do. Whenever there were occasions to celebrate, the family often invited visitors from various ethnic groups. Sometimes, simple dinners with other families of different cultures were planned in order to accommodate new friends and know them better. The children were also encouraged to play together and this enhanced their socialization skills. The greatest effects of this in Doe’s life are perhaps his resiliency in adopting to new environment and people as well as good socialization skills. When sent to a public high s chool, Doe learned more about other races and he came to understand further what prejudice and racism are. However, due to his strong influence from his parents, he maintained his respect toward other races. He never covertly or overtly felt prejudice toward any race despite the new information he was assimilating because he never witnessed anyone from his family exemplify so. The family never discussed about racism, feminism or homosexuality because perhaps the parents wanted the children to have high tolerance toward other races and sexualities. Although communication seems to be open in the family when it comes to a lot of matters, there were also things that seemed uneasy for the family to discuss and this was evident in Doe’s saying, â€Å"†¦but my mom found some things very hard to discuss where my dad it was his way and that was that† (Doe, 2013). The man’s refusal to further comment on the issue was respected. Doe admits that his family primarily in fluenced how he perceives other people of different races or gender inclinations. He says he does not care much if a person is Black or Asian, gay or straight. However, he has this take on every child; that they all deserve to have parents of both sexes. He further says that children get the â€Å"bad rap due to the race they are† and in a similar manner, children who have unique parents, meaning two females or two males, receive the same treatment. Although Doe does not inflict such kind of bullying toward other people, he claims

Just Culture Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as Part of the Research Paper

Just Culture Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as Part of the Roles of Clinic Nurse Specialist - Research Paper Example For nurses, they may also expand their knowledge by studying further and advance their career into clinical nurse specialists which may give them the chance to work at the management level in the clinical setting. They would have the knowledge on the healthcare systems and find ways on how to improve the efficiency of the healthcare organization through policies and culture that caters the growth and learning of the staff nurses. To improve the competencies of the clinical nurse specialists, just culture model may be used as framework. It gives importance to patient safety and increase in accountability among members of the healthcare organization. Just Culture Model and its Impact on Patient Safety as part of the Roles of Clinical Nurse Specialist Introduction The healthcare sector has been growing as the demands for health assistance is increasing. It is the sector that will never die out as people need the basic services or even the sophisticated care in that area for survival and to prolong life. People need health assistance when they are sick, injured or weakened. The need for healthcare has also been growing due to its primary importance to human survival. Whenever people get sick, they visit the hospital to get solutions for their health problems. Care is also provided in the hospital for patients with aggravated situations and helps them to recover. When people are sick, they are very fragile as their bodies are weakened. They need the support to totally bring back their healthy bodies. In the search for health assistance, various health staffs are prepared to assist the patients with their specific needs. From food intake to drug administration, the healthcare staffs are there to assist them. The professionals that assist the patients usually require long and intense training and license before they can perform their tasks to care for the patients. One of those health professionals is the nurse. Nurses have been important as they assist the doctors in the medical field to provide health assistance to patients in hospitals, at home or in the community. They are entrusted to help in the health restoration of the patients from their current weak condition to a healthy one. Nurses then may work on their own as they specialize on various roles or take part in a group in planning and evaluating the health care performance. They also attend trainings to further enhance their knowledge and skills to better support the health needs of the patients (Smith, 2004, p. 3). They are also updated with the current breakthroughs in their field of career through scholarly journals. Nurses may opt to specialize further through studies and further trainings to become clinical nurse specialists. As clinical nurse specialists (CNS), they must have more than the undergraduate degree in nursing and the education must be provided by accredited CNS institutions (Callara, 2008, p. 57). They are highly specialized to cater the specific needs of the patients that may depend upon the kind of diseases or illnesses the patients have. The CNS may also work on hospitals, houses, communities or specific units of the hospital such as emergency room and operating room. They also assist in surgeries or clinical procedures (Dreher et al., 2011, p. 78). In general, there are five duties each CNS may do like hospital work, management, education and instruction, research and

Case Study Procter Ang Gamble Merger With Gillette Marketing Essay

Case Study Procter Ang Gamble Merger With Gillette Marketing Essay Its being more than 100 years that Gillette Company manufactures consumer products that create strong brand loyalty among the consumers around the world. Gillette sells product mainly for men like blades, razors and shaving preparations. Gillette also has a strong position worldwide in some of the female grooming products, such as hair products. Company is the worldwide leader in alkaline batteries and is also famous for its Oral-B in manual and power toothbrushes. The Company has employed nearly 30,000 people globally and has 31 manufacturing plants in 14 countries. About Procter Gamble Headquarters: It has its headquarter at Cincinnati. Employees: No. of employees in the company are 110,000 in about 80 countries Brands: Tide, Charmin, Folgers, Noxema, Pampers, Pringles and Pantene. Founded: Procter Gmable was incorporated in 1837 at Cincinnati by William Procter, who was a candle maker and James Gamble who was a soap maker. Both men contributed $3,500 billion to start the company as a startup fund. Around four billion times a day, PG brands touch the lives of people around the world. The company has one of the strongest portfolios of trusted, leadership brands and Quality which including Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, Bounty, Pringles, Charmin, Downy, Lenor, Crest, Actonel, Olay, Clairol Nice n Easy and Head Shoulders(R). The PG community has almost 110,000 employees working in over 80 countries worldwide. Highlights of the case with important dates of Merger Important Dates- January 28, 2005: Procter Gamble announced their largest acquisition in its history. They agreed to buy Gillette in $57 billion and this deal involved or combined some of the worlds largest and top most brands. January 27, 2005: Procter and Gamble agreed to issue 0.975 shares of its common stock in against each share of Gillette and this showed an18% premium to Gillette shareholders. In 1986 -Revlon had tried and attempted its best to takeover Gillette in 1986 but it was not successful to do so. In 1999- Procter and Gamble went with a proposal to Gillette but at that time Gillette refused the offer, then in November 2004, Gillette CEO James M Kilts, started merger talks with Procter and Gamble as he thought that it was the right time for such a move. Highlights of the Merger- The Merger was announced on January 28th 2005, Procter and Gamble decided to exchange 0.975 shares of its common stock for each share of Gillette. Thus, it leads to 18% of premium to Gillette shareholders. The merger was approved by the shareholders of both the company. After the merger Procter and Gamble immediately decided to buy back $18-22 billion of its common stock and this whole process of buy back took 18 months to complete. After this process the deal was structured as 60% stock and 40% cash deal, while it was purely a stock- swap on paper. When the merger happened everybody knew that Procter and Gamble combined with Gillette would become the worlds largest consumer product company with $60.7 billion annual sales. At that time after the merger the new company decided to takeover Unilever which had total annual sales of $48.25 billion at that time. Proctor and Gamble after the merger had brands of $21 billion with market capitalization of $200 billion. Once the merger was done Procter and Gamble shareholders owned approximately 71% of the combined company and Gillette shareholders owned 29% of the combined company. Both the companies expected that merger would bring great synergies. According to the deal between the two companies Procter and Gamble would acquire whole Gillette business which includes its technical, manufacturing and other facilities. Gillette and Proctor Gamble have almost same history, culture and core strengths in branding, scale, innovation and go to market capabilities, which made this merger a perfect one, people called this merger a perfect marriage because one innovative company acquired another innovative company to enlarge its product line and both companies faced low sales problem and both of them emerged as winners after applying same approaches. After acquiring Gillette as a whole Proctor and Gamble became the worlds second largest consumer products company with approximate sales of $61 billion. Procter and Gamble at the time of merger expected total gains and cost savings of $ 14 -$16 billion by lying off and eliminating 6000 peoples job. When Proctor and Gamble started running in profits it acquired brands which matched its strategy such as Germanys Wella AG hair care line, it also acquired Clairol for its hair care lines and Iams Company known for its pet foods. After the merger PG had great earnings within few days as its net income jumped 12% from $1.8 billion to $2.04 billion. On January 27, trading in Procter and Gamble calls spiked to 8,172 contracts and Gillettes call spiked to 4,788 contacts. This means that both the company had increase or more than five times the average daily volume. A single contract is equal to 100 shares. Hurdles after the merger- Procter and Gamble faced various challenges related to manufacturing facilities, workforce, work culture and integration of operations of the two companies which had functioned as an independent company for so long. According to the analysts lying off workers across countries is also a problem. Due to integration efforts demand Procter and Gamble also had to overcome the risk of not being able to focus on its functioning. Main issues which made the merger important According to the deal of Procter and Gamble and Gillette merger Procter and Gamble decided to exchange 0.975 shares of its common stock for each share of Gillette. Procter and Gamble decided to buy back its common stock after the merger i.e. between $18-22 billion. This made the deal 60 % stock and 40% cash deal. Both the companies thought that the merger to will bring heavy synergies as both are the best companies and combination of these two companies will lead to strong brand portfolio. After the merger Gillette had got more opportunities to sell its products in various developing markets like China and East Europe. After the merger the combined entity layoff 6000 employees that are 4% of 140,000 combined work forces. This has to be done as both the companies had to integrate the headquarters and business operation units. The management is trying their best efforts to retain best employees from both the companies. Both the companies merger is an important and attractive deal as it has growth prospects, the revenue and cost synergies are attractive and innovation pipelines are strong. Procter and Gamble decided about the potential regulatory or anti- trust barriers of this deal that they will closely review the deal and resolve any issues regarding the product that are overlapping between the companies as they have a good record of working with regulators in the competitive market place. Bankers involved in the deal were Merrill Lynch was representing Procter and Gamble and Goldman Sachs/UBS are representing Gillette. Post Merger Scenario After the merger it was a great financial success for both the companies, especially for Procter and Gamble as growth in its revenue tripled, it was reported that the company would have more than $ 60 billion sales a year. Procter and Gambles unit volume had grown 27% and its net sales also grew by 27% and have reached to $18.34 billion. PGs net earnings have also increased by 29% and have reached to  £2.55 billion. This merger has made Procter and Gamble the worlds number one household maker leaving behind Unilever in the second place. The combined companies have total 21 brands under it and have the best global market position in product categories. After the merger the company will have more power to negotiate with advertising and media companies like television, newspapers, magazine and billboards. Gillette and Procter and Gamble are actively involved in pilots like testing and learning the technology, developing a scalable solution, drive development to deliver business benefits and validate the business case. Dealing with Wal-Mart After the merger of Procter and Gamble and Gillette it had a great affect on Wal- Mart. As PG is one of the worlds largest consumer products company and after Gillette joined it its sale almost tripled and it gave the company a new competition with retailers like Wal- Mart. As it is said those retailers dont want its suppliers to be bigger than him and vice versa. Procter and Gamble merger with Gillette had put great pressure on various other consumer products firms like Nestle, Colgate- Palmolive, Unilever and Kimberly- Clark. Learnings from the case study Case study of Procter and Gamble merger with Gillette helps us in learning following: Post merger scenario of both the companies after the merger. Procter and Gamble was interested in buying Gillette because it wanted to improve and expand its product and target as many customers it can. Both the companies agreed to merge because they knew it will be bring revenue, enlarge its product line and can become worlds largest consumer product company. It is a kind of friendly takeover that is with consent of take over company and with consent of majority of shareholders. Consideration for takeover is in the form of cash an stock both. Buy back of securities i.e. after the merger Procter and Gamble immediately decided to buy back $18-22 billion of its common stock. Merger effects on PG and Gillette competitors like Wal-Mart. Hurdle which both the companies faced after the merger.

Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream society. Discuss the ways in which Atticus Finch and one other character are set apart from the society of Maycomb To Kill A Mockingbird was set in the 1930s in the south of USA, Alabama. At that period, slavery had already been made illegal. But people in the south were a bitter about it because they still believed that they needed the slaves to maintain their cotton farms. They didn't treat the blacks as though they had the same social status as them and basically still treated them as though they were still slaves. This unfair prejudice was widespread throughout the south. "Maycomb", didn't actually exist but was meant to be the embodiment of a typical town in the south at that time. In Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird, she has created characters who seem a little different and thus, isolated from the rest of Maycomb's mainstream society. Prime examples of this isolation are Atticus and the Ewells; particularly Bob Ewell. Probably one of the most important and obvious point to Atticus Finch's isolation is his lack of prejudice towards black people. Although this might not be seen as something unusual at the present day, it was at that time. More obviously so because the story was set in the south where prejudice against the blacks was something that was taken for granted. The people in Maycomb knew that prejudice was wrong and yet, they didn't think that prejudice against the blacks was wrong. They saw it as a separate matter. An example of this would be the teacher telling the children that "Over here we don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced." The irony in it is that the reader knows that the majority of Maycomb are prejudiced against the blacks and to say that Hitler was wrong in being prejudiced was hypocritical. Atticus though, wasn't prejudiced and this was what made him different. He lets Calpurnia, a black woman, take care and act as a mother to his children. This though is not really seen by the people of Maycomb. To the people of Maycomb, Calpurnia is merely a housekeeper; but she's actually much more than that. As he told Aunt Alexandra when Aunt Alexandra wanted to dismiss her, "She tried to bring them up according to her lights, and Cal's lights are pretty good." Unlike others, he appreciates what Calpurnia did for him. "We couldn't operate a single day without Cal, have you ever thought of that? You think how much Cal does for you?" He says this to Scout when she wanted Atticus to Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are isolated from mainstream society. Discuss the ways in which Atticus Finch and one other character are set apart from the society of Maycomb To Kill A Mockingbird was set in the 1930s in the south of USA, Alabama. At that period, slavery had already been made illegal. But people in the south were a bitter about it because they still believed that they needed the slaves to maintain their cotton farms. They didn't treat the blacks as though they had the same social status as them and basically still treated them as though they were still slaves. This unfair prejudice was widespread throughout the south. "Maycomb", didn't actually exist but was meant to be the embodiment of a typical town in the south at that time. In Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird, she has created characters who seem a little different and thus, isolated from the rest of Maycomb's mainstream society. Prime examples of this isolation are Atticus and the Ewells; particularly Bob Ewell. Probably one of the most important and obvious point to Atticus Finch's isolation is his lack of prejudice towards black people. Although this might not be seen as something unusual at the present day, it was at that time. More obviously so because the story was set in the south where prejudice against the blacks was something that was taken for granted. The people in Maycomb knew that prejudice was wrong and yet, they didn't think that prejudice against the blacks was wrong. They saw it as a separate matter. An example of this would be the teacher telling the children that "Over here we don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced." The irony in it is that the reader knows that the majority of Maycomb are prejudiced against the blacks and to say that Hitler was wrong in being prejudiced was hypocritical. Atticus though, wasn't prejudiced and this was what made him different. He lets Calpurnia, a black woman, take care and act as a mother to his children. This though is not really seen by the people of Maycomb. To the people of Maycomb, Calpurnia is merely a housekeeper; but she's actually much more than that. As he told Aunt Alexandra when Aunt Alexandra wanted to dismiss her, "She tried to bring them up according to her lights, and Cal's lights are pretty good." Unlike others, he appreciates what Calpurnia did for him. "We couldn't operate a single day without Cal, have you ever thought of that? You think how much Cal does for you?" He says this to Scout when she wanted Atticus to

Marketing Planning Consultancy Report for Fairview International

During the late nineteen nineties, a thorough strategic review of the British Junior Chamber of Commerce was conducted. It is a kind of parties and charity events Junior Rotary   that has a distinctly retro feel to it, one of the reasons why it had lost 80% of its members (or customers and market share) over the previous twenty years. Its members were usually in their 30’s, so it was no longer junior at all! Radical approach was taken by the officers of the said group while others simply rearranged the chairs on the deck of the Titanic as the ship continued to go down. One of the features of this organization was international twinning where the members visit friends in a foreign chamber bi-annually and vice-versa. It was proposed that the organization become a travel company primarily to see bands like Robbie Williams, Coldplay and James Blunt play in other countries. Low cost flights were becoming popular and if you could stay at your twin organization members home (and they yours) you then had a very low cost international travel model with a purpose ‘the big gig’. This delivered to a young person’s sense of ‘having a good time’ having traveled far to rock festivals in my youth. But this was revolution for this retro organization whereas the more conservative members of the organization proposed an evolutionary model that was accepted. Perhaps predictably it continues to decline and I and others remain convinced that my prescription was an effective one! The aims of the organization have been defined in the widest possible terms in effect ‘offer a service to young people containing real features and benefits that they would instantly perceive to have value and relevance in return for a fee’. It is surely obvious that any service offer has to change with the times. Welfare state spending may reduce the need for charity or terrorism the appeal of travel, never mind that, new young adult generations will always look to find new ways to irritate older people. Digital Technology has revolutionized this landscape (Generation X, 2000). In this short piece of work, I, as the consultant, challenge Fairview to look at their product offering in the broadest possible terms too. When they use the term gaming, it should simply mean fee generating play. For instance, I think many young men (and women) in the United Kingdom would like to play for the English soccer team. It should be perfectly possible to design and offer a paid for interactive Information Technology game where you join a team, play well and are transferred while you play against other teams with team members located all over the country on your mobile phone, timing runs, tackling, and making passes and shots in real time on the screen. It is this soccer offering where the United Kingdom has the best product in the world I have focused on, as United Kingdom consumers pay to receive live soccer currently. It is both then the dominant market segment for gaming potential as well as the easiest to charge a fee for. This then should be the aim for Fairview. To understand what young people want and harness the technology to deliver a new concept that will sweep the market. This is all some distance from the traditional ‘bookie’s’.   Fairview uses the name ‘chain’ to describe this market entry. Chain is the right term, but not as in the old ‘a chain of bookie’s ‘but by building customer databases linked by profitable repeat fee based gaming interests for rapid team game building. This is as near to a mission statement as my proposal needs. Proposal While on the one side the United Kingdom seems a perfect place to offer gaming services as a wealthy secular modern society with no overt proscriptions, the reality is that this protestant country has some of the same forces at play as the puritan founders of the United States of America that influences proscriptions against gaming there. Millions of British used to admit to only gambling once a year on ‘The National’ the Grand National Steeplechase. Bookie’s were scruffy smoke filled pits of dysfunctional people all too often Catholic immigrants from Ireland. Relatively well educated, if you asked the British why they didn’t gamble they’d say ‘it’s a mugs game’ and ‘get rich quick schemes’ only work for the amoral founders of the idea. They would prefer to ‘gamble’ if that is the appropriate term on the stock market where legitimate gains could be made by using the thirds party services of good corporate management to ensure a comfortable retirement. If you look for further evidence of this, it is well known that no Casino will open in the United Kingdom, unless there are large numbers of potential ethnic Chinese gamers living nearby. They will not get rich on United Kingdom consumers, indeed may not even break even (The Independents Britain’s new cultural entrepreneurs, 1999). .But times change, and just as the stock market now offers a diverse range of derivative instruments, so does gaming. The popularity of the English Premier League has lead to the spread betting phenomenon. If the top teams usually win, the margin of victory is far less certain and this also has lead to greater volatility and margins of gains and losses or in other word exciting risky behavior. The United States legislation against on line gaming was an initial set back as the United Kingdom based organizations were generating   lot of business in for instance interactive Poker games (People before structures, 2000). B.   But clearly there now offers the same kind of opportunity for Fairview that stem cell researchers enjoy in the United Kingdom’s less judgmental society in other ways, so familiar to the Americans, but what exactly is it?. Technology has changed consumer markets especially for young people fundamentally. Living in a poor third world town in a poor third world country there are dozens of internet shops catering for young males who want to play on line. The cell phone here predominates and conversations have to be broken mid sentence to give the phone its precedence. These are new networks just waiting to be more completely, competently and commercially exploited. In the United Kingdom, most homes have internet cable bundled with telephony too and children dominate their use. For those who think that the internet is a marvelous utility for expanding the mind with information, the reality is that it is pornography that dominates commercial transactions on the web. People are quite happy to sign up to a site that suits their sexual taste and this has hastened the demise of the printed word if pornographic magazines were more likely to venerate the picture rather than the accompanying narrative. This all simply demonstrates that people will pay a fee to use IT if you give them what they really want, in this instance, sex! To refer back to my opening, I realized that the Junior Chamber had other problems too in gaining new young members. People often didn’t want to move around to get together any more, given the twin threats of urbanization traffic clog and personal security threats. At their office was the ideal tool to ‘blog’ instead. Tools like Microsoft Messenger meant that you could now have an interactive real time conversation. Add a web cam and this is the modern equivalent of the ‘whist drive’ or poker games my parent’s generation but enjoyed without the need for a meeting place. Property in the rich and crowded island that is the United Kingdom is notoriously expensive to buy or rent. How very convenient! The question then to ask is, given this new digital societies’ range of extensive interactive tools, what will the young people move onto once they tire of their mostly violent and speedy games? Gaming defined as a competition where you place a stake and back your skill has to be the obvious move once these kids are working and have more money in their pocket. The opportunity is obvious. But will Fairview be sufficiently visionary to spend marketing resources on creating this market? To do this, their initial key goals will include setting up the soft infrastructure. They will have to work with key influencers (for instance game designers) and agents (like MySpace) and the Premier Football League as well as build a formidable technical offering, but they will be pushing against an open door in terms of consumer desires. They must design a proprietary brand and a tightly drawn patent to protect themselves at least at the outset for competition, unless they are not prepared to spend enough marketing funds on this to ‘go it alone’ and would rather share the burden with competitors in the hope that there is enough business to keep everyone happy. Observe the English soccer on Star Sports in Asia. It will be noticed that they urge customer to use their cell phones to make score predictions and so of course can build up a data base of cell phone numbers that send the predictions in. Many of these Asian English soccer fans have never been to a real English game. They are a perfect target to form virtual soccer team similarly with the virtual manager games. In a sense Star Sports and its competitors are ‘ahead of the game’ but they don’t recognize what they’ve got yet nor how best they can leverage it. When the term ‘clicks and mortar’ was first coined in the nineteen nineties it seemed pretentious, but in fact it was ‘right on the money’. It seemed that consumers wouldn’t buy some things unless they’d seen them first. The feel of something is important. It transpired that Amazon were very good at selling Information Technology, books and records all not particularly visual or tactile and we would buy holidays and flights on the net for the same reasons, but when for instance it came to clothes, a regional superstore may be needed to view the goods closer at hand. Since that time memory has got cheaper and virtual reality less virtual, and this has become a little less of an obstacle. What about the social environment though?. People will be free to play these games in public arenas with adjacent fellow players. It just need not be that way. Of course, younger people have sometimes never even thought about this although malls around the world seem to still be full of them. There is evidence too that many people gravitate towards social situations such as ‘the bookie’s’ provides. Where then in the product offering should we place these components? It seems to me that an internet gaming company should product test a real life regular forum for their customers. An organization was set up by Tony Blair, the former United Kingdom Prime minister’s advisor on future policy trends called DEMOS. It was a centre left policy think tank. Most of the action was in far away London but once a year they would hold an event in the north in Liverpool. It is this kind of customer sensitivity that internet offerings have to master, designed as they all too often are by tech ‘geeks’ who are rarely ‘people persons’. An annual conference of soccer gamers could be highly viable and entertaining for them off season. In one article by Demos, they put the spotlight on Generation X the first internet generation to reach adulthood. This was in some ways a fundamentally different generation. They were found to be the first generation that had synthesized their social needs inside their heads and home, whereas previous young adults would head off down ‘the pub.’ The bedroom of the average young person in the United Kingdom is now an entertainment and communication zone, a little like the bridge of Star Trek! The recent purchases of social networks like that of MySpace by Google tells us something about their utility for attractive targeting both by advertisers and the future tech offerings that Google is rumored to be announcing soon in the cellular communication area. So far I have mostly referred to the internet, but clearly relatively few people can receive this via 3G right now and these services are expensive (but there is an opportunity there for Fairview too). It is clear that in the technical mix a formidable proactive customer services 2G offering should be launched as well, as we all know that these 2 and 3 G phones are no longer just phones but in some way an extension of the identity of the individual. Where this would all lead in terms of software development I don’t have the expertise to predict, but Fairview would surely need their own in house team of software developers. Opportunities for as ubiquitous a product as interactive soccer would clearly show themselves rapidly in both mainland Europe and South America where soccer is king, and later, globally! The beauty of technology of course is that this can be all run from just one location. Adjacent opportunities will be available too for the skill and experience built by the Information Technology department to be applied elsewhere. There are many customer services functions in the United Kingdom where good staff could be poached for a more interesting job This leads to the subject of Brand. Clearly few can tell the Americans anything about brand building. In consumer markets, brand is king and so internet and 2G advertising with product offers would be essential. I repeat that endorsements by top soccer players of the interactive paid for soccer gaming would too be essential if that were part of the offer. It should too watch how Google addresses the market in its next move as that organization seems to have a good feel for the youth/it/ commercial landscape The action and execution plan would be carried out most effectively by well trained and motivated new young people to Fairview that have bought into this concept as they will sell/merchandise it with real enthusiasm at retail software purchase points. This will be a sales force with all the traditional activity goals, daily targeting etc. A key account manager will set up the contacts with the key partners MySpace, YouTube, etc. and Star Sports and the Premier League to set up the delivery networks, but it will be the marketers that will likely make the most impact by leaflets in the appropriate magazines, advertising boards at soccer grounds, cell phone text message advertising etc. A pre offer tease roadside board adverting campaign could be useful but as this will be a tech offering a key initial task would be to build a potential fee gamers data base by garnering cell phone responses to advertising. The mining of this cell phone response consumer data base should be a key task of an in house customer services team with specific goals to be achieved. Conclusion It can be concluded from the evidence above is that there is a real opportunity to move things on commercially in the tech gaming space and thereby move away from the traditional bricks and mortar gaming concept. This is of course already well under way, but the surface is only being scratched in terms of potential as large sections of the community don’t game (gamble) at all as the offer has yet to be put in the right way. This is the right way and indeed many of the tools look already to be in place, if greater use of 3G would be a slight advantage. Much of the above proposal is already out there like United States interactive basketball and I’m sure that Fairview know this, but they could crucially deepen the level of interactivity with a virtual FA Cup played by thousands around the world with a trophy handed to the winners before the real FA Cup Semi Final and real players ‘guesting’ on line in teams. This ‘hype’ or real celebrity based excitement, a mix of reality TV and virtual reality could gain many millions of subscribers paying per game regularly ‘on line,’ or even women (or men) aspiring to dinner with David Beckham, indeed make such a sea change in the commercializing of ITC that this becomes a legendary ‘breaking of the mould’ enterprise, the ‘final straw’ that opened the door for a fee based gaming enterprise to ‘clean up’. It simply remains then to be seen whether they will have both the vision and resources to turn this into such a lucrative reality that one day soon it will be as playing a pivotal role in redesigning post modern civil society as well!. References Generation X   – Demos   UK 2000 Handbook. 2007. http://www.rjca.org.uk/docs/Handbook_A.pdf People before structures – Demos UK 2000 The Independents Britain’s new cultural entrepreneurs – Demos UK 1999                     

Long holiday Essay Example

Long holiday Essay Example Long holiday Essay Long holiday Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone In the case of the Single Mothers Counsellor, the ethics are a feature of understanding and help others. Here, the emotions as the factor that decide what to do. A patient might have gone through a painful divorce, so the counsellor suggests that the patient takes a long holiday. In this case, the judgment is based purely on emotions. Rationally the single mother could not afford a holiday, but the emotions of the counsellor overrule this, and emotionally decides that the mother might needs a break. The emotions shown reflect how the counsellor really feelt about the entire situation, and her sympathy and experience as a counsellor urges her to advice the mother to take a holiday. The counsellor must decide to go with the emotions, or decide whether she might be jeopardising her job. The extent to which she lets her emotions be a part of her ethics is decided for that situation. A judge in the court of law would undergo and strong battle between following his or her ethics, and obeying to feeling to a certain extent. The Judge has to make a fully rational decision, which by no means is to be effected by emotions. Even his or her child is placed as a suspect, the emotions must be excluded and the decision made on a fully rational basis of facts and strong evidence. Also known as applying the rule of law. These situations are examples of to what extend our emotions effect the way we make our judgements. The extent to what or emotions are influenced by emotion is something that proves dependent on the situation and person. I still believe that the mind should rule the heart and that all decisions are made on a fully rational basis. Aesthetics is our opinion in beauty. Aesthetics are based more on emotions than  anything else. We have opinions, which determine which colours, shapes or textures we favour most. I have strong opinion when it comes to aesthetics in cars. My aesthetic opinion is a reaction towards the potential beauty of an object. I have a specific taste or aesthetic opinion in cars, because of an emotion. It might be the sound of the engine, or the shape of its lines that has a particular effect, and awakens and specific emotion, which in turn creates this aesthetic reaction to the car itself. We might have had a previous experience with the same car, that causes this overwhelming emotion to model our aesthetic opinion. Even if the car is expensive, and only has two seats, we favour it because of our aesthetic opinion, and the emotional relationship that we might have to it. I, as a Swede, have a particular passion for Volvos. I find them to be things of beauty, functionality and practicality. To other they might seem boxy and cheap. Due to my nationality and relationship to the car, I have emotions that maybe not everyone else might, so my aesthetic judgement might be greatly different due to the effect the car has on me, and the emotion it causes me to feel. This doesnt mean I am going to go and buy a Volvo as soon as I have the money, this judgement would be up top my ethics, but it does show that I have an aesthetic opinion on the car. Again we encounter the problem of knowledge that not all people follow the same priorities in aesthetics. Some might see beauty in an object, but necessarily not favour it over functionality. There is also the  opinion that viewing something from a distance might be best. For example one might have the opinion that having the beautiful Mona Lisa in you living room, but when we could afford the painting, we chose not to buy it, and decide to view it in the Louvre instead. The extent to which emotions effect our judgement is determined by how deeply we let our emotions affect our rational thought. Principles are generally and ideally followed, it of to what extent we let these emotions distort our judgement, this depends greatly on the person, situation and position of the person. The emotions become a part of our judgement and should therefore become a factor that is taken into account.

Free Essays on Contrasting Class Issues In Two Universities

pop into my head? I compiled a list of a few things that I would expect to find at Smith College based on my ideas about class. These included such things as prestige, comfort, space, attention, power, money, inf... Free Essays on Contrasting Class Issues In Two Universities Free Essays on Contrasting Class Issues In Two Universities We have all heard the phrase â€Å"money talks†. Have you ever wondered what it said? Well that all depends on how much of it you have, and where you plan on spending it. Money has a language that is translated through power and inequality. It is the transporter of goods and services, of knowledge and identity. It weaves its way through a system that bypasses some and leaves others with a hefty share. As it grows and divides, money finds itself entangled in everything, replacing morality with greed. It gets stronger and stronger, evolving into institutions, embedding itself in the brains of all that inhabit its world. For those who have been touched by the golden hands of prosperity, money provides shelter, a cloak of being that distinguishes them from the less fortunate. In order to keep the hierarchy stable, certain conditions are established, one of which is education. Here, the formal breeding ground of society is constructed in such a way that certain values are emphasiz ed amongst the various groups. These values will result in future status, career paths, and ability to succeed. This unique economic institution called education serves two very distinct purposes, to turn individuals into capital investments, and to perpetuate social class. In this paper, I will contrast Smith College and the University Of Massachusetts, and discuss the ways in which cultural and socio-economic class is exemplified in higher education. First of all, it is important to understand the many dimensions of class. When evaluating the dynamics of a school that is supposed to represent a higher class, we must first know what to look for. What are the social markers that indicate class in education? When I think of upper class, what types of words pop into my head? I compiled a list of a few things that I would expect to find at Smith College based on my ideas about class. These included such things as prestige, comfort, space, attention, power, money, inf...

Oracle Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oracle Corporation - Essay Example Furthermore, chances of improving my career and skills is high, because the company values and rewards hard work. This is through motivational policies that encourage an individual to embark on learning of new skills. Oracle Corporation mainly relies on the principles of information technology to develop softwares and hardwares. The company technological products operate under the brand name of Oracle. These softwares and hardwares are mainly referred as Oracle projects, financials, procurements, HRMS, etc. Oracle creates, markets, hosts and supports various middleware software, database, hardware systems, cloud infrastructure, and other related services all over the world. The company further provides hardware and software systems and other related services aimed at managing IT environments, and also deploying services in cloud software (Zheng and Zhang, 2014). Oracle also offers software’s for purposes of mobile computing, and middle ware as well as databases software that can help to manage business applications for small as well as large business organizations. Jones (2010) further explains that oracle provides software applications for talent management, human capital, financial management, and human relationship management. The company was founded by Larry Ellison in the year 1977, and he became the chairman of the board of directors from the year 1990, to the year 2004Another founder of the company is Bob Miner who is the architect of the oracle database. He was in charge of leading the production and design of this database from the year 1977, to the year 1992 (Jones, 2010). He later on became a member of the board of directors. Another founder is Ed Oates, and he retired from the company in the year 1996. The current chairman of the company is Jeff Henley, who took over in the year 2004, from Larry Ellison. Jeff played an instrumental

Debt Vs. Equity Financing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debt Vs. Equity Financing Paper - Essay Example On the other hand the process of issuing stock so as to raise capital for a firm is called â€Å"equity financing†. This is a study set out to discuss these two sources of financing for a firm and eventually choose the better alternative depending upon the merits and demerits associated with either. To achieve this, these will be a vivid answer to the question, â€Å"which are the differences between debt financing and equity financing and which alternative is preferable to the other?† (Livingstone and Grossman, 2001) Debt financing refers to the money borrowing from a source outside the business and this is accompanied with a promise to repay the principal together with the interest agreed upon by the parties. Start up as well as established companies usually turn to this source of financing to fund their operations. In the context of finance, a debt is also known as leverage. Examples of places or sources from which businesses can get debt finance may include banks and other sources like issuing by a private company or friends. Merits associated with debt finance are several. Firstly, debt financing helps a company maintain the ownership structure. That is, when a business borrows from a bank it is only obliged to pay principal and interest on time and that is the end of such an obligation. Secondly, its principal as well as interest are put in the profit and loss account of a business as expenses and this helps by deducting from the company the associated income taxes. (Richards, 2009) However, this funding source is disadvantageous to a business. The interest payments going with the debt increase the break-even point of a business. Also, the higher a company’s leverage or debt-to equity ratio the chances of securing credit from a lender. A debt can also restrict the actions of the management of a company in that owners of the firm are obliged to personally guarantee loans and thus may be called for to secure repayment by pledging

Research & Strategy Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

& Strategy Proposal - Research Paper Example The latest trends in internet marketing including the use of apps marketing is some of the ways in which firm can actually achieve its targets. This business strategy proposal will present discussion on the use of affiliates as well as the lead generation as possibly two important methods through which Jewelry for All to increase its revenue. Lead generation Customer acquisition is considered as one of the key strategic variables for the organizations. Firms like Jewelry for All working in online market need to find ways through which they can further penetrate into the new and existing markets. Online lead generation is one cost effective method which if utilized properly can increase the number of customers for our firm. Lead generation can be effective in the sense that it can allow our firm to utilize the strengths of other firms while gaining extra exposure to the market. Through lead generation, firm can actually tap into the new possibilities and further expand the market with the support of strong personal selling and other marketing techniques. (Rees, 2010) In order to successfully implement this strategy, it is important that the firm must develop strategic alliances with different firms from whom further leads can be generated. Formation of strategic alliances will allow the firm to utilize the strengths of already established players in the market while at the same time gaining exposure to the larger market. (Charlton, 2010). We should aim initially aim at those firms which are offering the brick and mortar type of business selling jewelry in on an offline market through their stores. For each lead generated, we should be able to pay reasonable price which may be tied with the final value of the sales made. It is important to note that this approach will require coordination with not only the firms generating leads but with the potential customers identified through this lead generation process. Affiliate marketing Affiliate marketing is another eff ective way through which the firm can effectively reach to the new customers. The increasing popularity of the affiliate networking sites and their relative brand strength can serve as one of the best strategic tools for the firms to expand into new markets and take advantage of the brand reputation of other firms. (Swan, 2010). In order to set up an effective affiliate program, it is important that the firm must offer higher commission rates to the affiliates. Further the development of a tiered commission structure would further induce the experienced affiliates to market and sell our products. It may be possible that the firm use different affiliates for different products i.e. for less expensive items such as gems and materials, firm can target different affiliates however, to sell the high value items, more experienced and established affiliates need to be listed. In order to successfully develop the affiliate program, firm can also use the social networking sites such as faceb ook and twitter to gain access to the unique and large number of affiliate marketers. (techcrunch.com, 2009) Plan of Action It is recommended that the firm should adapt the affiliate

Operation of Assemblers Essay Example for Free

Operation of Assemblers Essay A program written in assembly language is much more readable and understandable than its equivalent in machine code; an assembler is a program which translates assembly language into machine code. The assembler accepts an assembly language program as data, converts mnemonic operation codes (op-codes) to their numeric equivalents, assigns symbolic addresses to memory locations and produces as output the required machine code program. Assembly language is the source program and when translated into machine code it is know as object program. The following programs are written for the BEP/16 programming environment to achieve the following arithmetic operations: a) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a ADD R3, R2 ; R3 = a+b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. b) a b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a SUB R3, R2 ; R3 = a-b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. c) a x b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a MUL R3, R2 ; R3 = a x b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. d) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a SUB R3, R2 ; R3 = a b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a ADD R4, R2 ; R4 = a + b MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program. e) a + b SWI getInt ; Operating ; system call to ; get a 16 bit ; integer from ; the keyboard. ; Value returned ; in R0 MOV R1, R0 ; Store the first ; value in R1 SWI getInt ; Get second value MOV R2, R0 ; Store in register ; R2 MOV R3, R1 ; R3 = a ADD R3, R2 ; R3 = a + b MOV R4, R1 ; R4 = a SUB R4, R2 ; R4 = a b MOV R0, R3 ; Copy amswer to R0 SWI putInt ; Operating system ; call to display the ; 16-bit integer in ; R0 HLT ; Terminate program.

Studies Pertaining to the Clinical Aspects of Malaria :: Health, Diseases

STUDIES PERTAINING TO THE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MALARIA Malaria is a complex condition exhibiting different manifestations in different parts of the world depending on a few variables (Bin Mohanna et al. 2007). It was found that anemia and splenomegaly are significantly associated with malaria among asymptomatic schoolchildren in Hajr valley, Hadramout (Bin Mohanna et al. 2007). Agina and Abd-Allah (1999) conducted a case control study for the association of nitric oxide levels to the severity and outcomes of cerebral malaria in Yemeni in-patients. The main clinical presentations in cerebral malaria patients were fever (76.4%), pallor (72.0%), hypoglycemia (67.4%), splenomegaly (60.5%), deep coma (39.5%), jaundice (18.6%), pulmonary oedema (13.9%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (13.9%), severe anemia (53.5%), and hemoglobinuria (6.9%) while in non-cerebral malaria patients the clinical presentations were fever (83.8%), pallor (67.7%), splenomegaly (66.0%), jaundice (9.7%), severe anemia (51.6%) and hypoglycemia (3.2%) . The serum level of ni tric oxide was found to be higher in patients with cerebral malaria than those without. In cerebral malaria, nitric oxide levels were highly elevated in patients with deeper coma and longer duration of coma as well as those who died of cerebral malaria indicating its association with indices of disease severity and outcome in patients with cerebral malaria (Agina and Abd-Allah, 1999). Sheiban et al. (1998) studied severe acute renal failure secondary to falciparum malaria among children receiving antimalarial therapy and other supportive therapy as well as peritoneal dialysis referred to the renal unit at Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana’a. In this study, it was concluded that significant differences were found between children who died (43.8%) compared to those who survived regarding age, plasma creatinine, plasma bilirubin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin concentration, urine output, and time from diagnosis to referral. However, gender, alanine aminotransferase level, degree of fever, plasma sodium or potassium levels were not found to be statistically different between these two groups (Sheiban et al. 1998). The author found that previous immunity, as indicated by presence of splenomegaly, was associated with better prognosis both in terms of lower mortality and less hemodynamic disturbance which was evident in the older children owing to pre vious exposure to malarial infection, and therefore development of immunity (Sheiban et al. 1998). It is important to note that malaria was reported to be the cause of 5.9% of chronic renal failure in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in Hadramout governorate (Badheeb 1998). Recently, Al Rohani et al. (2011) reported that malaria is the most common infectious disease causing acute renal failure (ARF) in Yemeni patients.

What Motivates Obama?

Mr. Sampson Psychology 6 November 2012 What motivates Obama? Barack Obama, the first African-American president, can in some ways be an inspiration to many people. But, many people do become curious about what motivates Barack Obama. Many people would not be able to try and run for the most responsible and prestigious job in the world, especially if you were under the circumstances that Obama underwent. Understanding theories of motivation can help us understand why people choose to do the things they do. First, looking at Barack Obama's personality will help us to understand a little more about him. Obama is a very charismatic speaker.He tends to speak on a level where many can understand him. Obama is a well-known writer and has spent time as a civil rights attorney, as well as a Constitutional law professor and served seven years as an Illinois state senator. To many, all of this success would have seemed out of reach. Obama was born from a white mother and a black father. This wa s at a time when interracial unions were not liked. Barack's mother raised him because his father left them when Obama was only two years old. He lived in Indonesia for a bit with his mother before moving in with his grandparents when he was ten years old.Barack's grandparents lived in Hawaii at the time. We must look at certain theories of motivation. First, the phsychoanalytic view, or better known as Freud's theory of motivation, can be used. The theory can be brought down to four basic propositions. They are the principles of (1) determinism, (2) drive, (3) conflict, and (4) the Montalbano 2 unconscious. Obama may have had an instinct to succeed and may have fought hard to climb to the top of the career ladder, but Obama's fate may have already been chosen by an unseen force.His actual instinct may have been something different, but society deemed the way he went to be the way to succeed. The closest thing to satisfy the instinct in today's world may have been success in his car eer. Aggression may have had a role as well. Obama was unable to vent his aggression in a way that society deemed appropriate. He may have fueled his drive to succeed with it. Conflicts within himself may have started when he felt that he could not have other things that others had, being African-American in a time of racial inequalities.This may have led to Obama's motivation as well. His unconscious may have also led him to be anxious and to let out his anxiety by striving for success. Another theory of motivation is the humanistic view. From the humanistic perspective, the supreme motivator is the striving to actualize and perfect the self. Obama wanted to make himself the best that he could be, wanting to break racial barriers along the way. He wanted to show everyone his full potential. Obama did this by growing as a person, putting to use what he was best at and learned how to be good at other things as well.Obama wanted to be liked and accepted by others. He showed that he wa nted that by being a public servant and help to others. His motivation started by his needs. He obviously needed to start working for basic necessities. This grew into belonging, self-esteem needs, and finally self-actualization needs. These steps are from the hierarchy or Maslow's Need Hierarchy. Last, but not least, is the diversity view. This is another theory of motivation. This theory argues that human beings are motivated by many different things. Obama was motivated because of his race.He wanted to prove his worth to others. Maybe he was motivated for his wealth, or Montalbano 3 he was encouraged by those around him. It could have been a mixture of things. Many things can influence a person to do the things that they do. A person is motivated by basic needs. Obama was motivated to run for the presidency because he needed to feel accepted by others. The press is a situation for need expression in the environment. When others encouraged Obama, he found himself a likely candidat e for the presidency. This further fulfilled his need for acceptance.The more he was encouraged, the more he felt that need fulfilled. He felt accepted. This is also seen as tension-reduction. Wanting to achieve and be successful is one of Obama's psychogenic needs. In conclusion, many theories of motivation can be applied when you try to see the reasoning behind Barack Obama's decision to run for president of the United States. Without some motivation, Barack Obama may have not become anyone of any importance at all. The psychoanalytic view, humanistic view, and diversity view have all helped Obama with him becoming the president. Works Cited Barack Obamamotivation. † Barack Obama Motivation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Theories of Motivation. † Theories of Motivation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"The Personality Analyst. † Does President Obama Have the Motivation to Succeed? N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. .

Modern Life Essay

As beginning, human beings must assure that intelligence is the dominant factor on animals’ behaviors, attitude and conducts. Unfortunately, some people restrict animals’ level of cognition on same issues because of the fact that they are suggesting all attempts of animals shaped instinctively. People must become conscious to resign this kind of biases in that today’s studies on animals show us animals have more intellect, contrary to common belief. Additionally, according to a stunning experiment of a recognized institute in Japan, a chimpanzee knows the food is hidden under a stone and reach it effortless. Then, researches replace stone with a heaviest stone and the chimpanzee could not take the food alone. If two chimpanzees know about food, they work together. At first, they do not synchronize their collaboration in pulling the heaviest stone but eventually, they figure out reward of synchronizing to their pulling. Same experiment is again performed with a human and ultimately, chimpanzee appeals for help from the human partner. What is more, observers behold exciting indications which is related to chimpanzees’ attitudes such as looking up at human partner’s face, vocalizing, and taking the partner’s hand for soliciting (Hirata, S. & Fuwa, K. , Chimpanzees learn to act with other individuals in a cooperative task, p. 13). These evidences also indicate that chimpanzees learn coordinate through trial and error method like a child or a dog. Meanwhile, there have been a lot of same studies and results on dogs which is mainly discussed in this paper as well. After all, people have to be convinced of animals’ intelligent and cognition skills. In the meantime, some people still have an idea whose children, old persons or disabled people should not be left alone even with trained animals. To deal with this lack of confidence, such people must realize the bare facts in real life experiences with guide animals. Related to this, the dog that may have done the most to shape the popular conception of dogs and their intelligence was a character born in a short story written by Eric Knight in 1938, Lassie. Lassie, the world’s best known collie, was not only affectionate and courageous dog but nearly was a human in her intelligence and understanding, doubtlessly. According to Stanley Coren, the author of The Intelligence of Dogs, reports that â€Å"We believed that this dog (thus, by extrapolation, all dogs) could think, plan, sympathize, feel pain, have emotions of sorrow and joy, remember complex facts, and even plan acts of retribution† (Stanley Coren, p. 10, paragraph 2). Most of the scenes people watched in the Lassie series, like when Lassie crawled under gunfire, sneaked through a tortuous maze of fallen electrical wires, jumped out windows or leapt through the air to knock a criminal down, actually can be seen in relationships between people who are in desperate straits and their own dogs under some special situations. Many of us know about Jack London and are familiar with his wolf like sled dogs. In all these kind of novels, the dogs had feelings, reasoning ability and intelligence. As an illustration, there is a memorable case which is an epic score in White Teeth; Shep recognizes that his protector is in a danger situation. He must find help immediately while seriously wounded Dan lies on the snow. After that, he remembers an old trapper who had the shack in the valley. He recalls the old trapper had been kind to him before. Then, he gives the same bark which he is always using to tell Dan he is ready to work and starts across the snow to find the closest possibility of help. As it can be seen through these kinds of stories, having a friendly canine in the land of living can mean two indications. They are a true blue friend and a survivor at owners’ emergency too. In addition to social benefits of having assistance dogs, there are considerable amount of advantageous for disabled people in wheelchairs. Having a disability often results in many soul-destroying statements most particularly if someone is obliged to live on a wheelchair. Imagine such a person; he or she always suffers from lack of confidence, social interaction with people in everyday life and also limiting independency. Then, regrettably this can go from bad to worse together leading depression, loneliness and isolated from society. Eileen Hobson who has a limiting of movement emphasizes the social benefits of having guide dog: â€Å"Because of him I have made many friends in the various parks that we go to. He is a great icebreaker, and now, wherever we go, people always want to stop and talk to me to ask about him† (Jenny Moir, p. 331). Furthermore, considering a person with mobility impairment, it is not difficult to estimate the complexity of overcoming daily backsets for them. For instance, dropping a key or a remote control on the floor, bending down to take a pair of slipper those are serious troubles for whom having paresis. At this point, trained dogs become guardian angel of people with wheelchair and kind of impairments. They can pick up the objects, open the doors and even, empty or fill the dishwashers. Additionally, Claire Graham who faced with developed paralysis following a seemingly simple virus summarize her life before the dog partner, Ulli, and after by â€Å"My disability gradually got worse and I had to stop work† and then she adds; â€Å"Since Ulli has been with me, not only has my physical health improved, but also emotionally I feel more positive, confident and not alone any more as I have Ulli with me every day† (Jenny Moir, p. 332). Therefore, people must understand the importance of dogs and their inherent ability to make fundamental changes in our lives, as Jenny Moir, the researcher of relationships between canine partners, says in her article Assistance Dogs and Independent Living for Disabled People; â€Å"A canine partner or assistance dog can put the ‘able’ back into the lives of people living with disabilities, and can quite literally opens doors that would otherwise have been closed† (Jenny Moir, p. 33). Although guide dogs for visually impaired people have long been accepted by the general public, there are some people who stand up for using robotic service dogs. They assert that service dog robots are more advantageous than guide dogs. According to a survey in Japan, rate of visually handicapped persons which take guide dogs is at too low percentage of % 10 nationwide (Development of a Guide-Dog Robot: Leading and Recognizing a Visually-Handicapped Person using a LRF, p. 193). At the this point, such people claim that it is less possible to improve the repletion rate of guide dogs for handicapped persons in a short time period due to required long training period in obtaining guide dogs (Development of a Guide-Dog Robot: Leading and Recognizing a Visually-Handicapped Person using a LRF, p. 94). This is actually insufficient occasion because kind of robotic guide dogs are programmed generally under some particular circumstances such as leading users with consideration of user’s walking speed and detecting obstacles and dangers for its user. Hence, those programming issues not only need huge amount of variants owing to disabled level or age interval of handicapped persons but also need high price. In addition to that guide dogs cost about 70 thousand dollars (Tom Ladyman, Can a robot be a safe and alternative to guide dogs? , videoscript). Moreover, there is some doubt for the guide dog robots in alerting and distinguishing between a stand still thief and a family heirloom urn. On the other hand, the program of leading users with consideration of user’s walking speed with the help of an autonomous maneuvering algorithm system integrated into robotic dogs has to vary from user to user and also off-roading and uneven surfaces . Additionally, if people consider battery life of robotics, a guide dog requires one meal a day and will keep working without it. Regarding memory, guide dogs quickly memorize all people normal routes and will take handicapped persons along them effortlessly. Therefore, it would be ridiculous replacing a super technological heap of microchips and sensors which are also deprived of emotion and affection with a dog. As a result, it clearly makes nonsense replacing modern guide dog robots with obliging dogs.